1
, NUR 6130 Exam 2 | (2026) Nursing Exam
Questions | Practice III (PDF)
1. A 58-year-old male with chronic alcoholism presents
with confusion, ataxia, and nystagmus. Thiamine is
administered immediately. Which condition is being
treated?
A. Wernicke encephalopathy
B. Korsakoff syndrome
C. Hepatic encephalopathy
D. Cerebellar degeneration
Answer: A
Rationale: Wernicke encephalopathy (confusion, ataxia,
nystagmus/ophthalmoplegia) is caused by thiamine
deficiency, common in alcoholism. Thiamine must be given
before glucose to prevent exacerbation.
2. In diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), the primary cause of
the anion gap metabolic acidosis is:
A. Lactic acidosis
2
,B. Hyperchloremia
C. Accumulation of ketone bodies (β -hydroxybutyrate,
acetoacetate)
D. Renal failure
Answer: C
Rationale: Insulin deficiency leads to lipolysis and
ketogenesis, producing ketoacids that consume
bicarbonate and widen the anion gap.
3. A patient with chronic kidney disease (stage 4)
develops hyperphosphatemia. This directly leads to:
A. Hypocalcemia
B. Hypercalcemia
C. Metabolic alkalosis
D. Hypermagnesemia
Answer: A
Rationale: Hyperphosphatemia binds with serum calcium,
lowering ionized calcium, which triggers secondary
hyperparathyroidism.
3
, 4. Which cytokine is primarily responsible for cachexia in
k k k k k k k
k chronic heart failure and cancer?
k k k k
A. IL-10
B. TNF-α
C. IL-4
D. IFN-γ
Answer: B k
Rationale: TNF-α promotes lipolysis, muscle wasting, and
k k k k k
k anorexia, leading to cachexia.
k k k
5. A patient with prolonged QT interval develops torsade de
k k k k k k k k
k pointes. Which electrolyte imbalance is most likely?
k k k k k k
A. Hyperkalemia
B. Hypomagnesemia
C. Hypercalcemia
D. Hyponatremia
Answer: B
k k
Rationale: Hypomagnesemia prolongs repolarization,
k k k
4
, NUR 6130 Exam 2 | (2026) Nursing Exam
Questions | Practice III (PDF)
1. A 58-year-old male with chronic alcoholism presents
with confusion, ataxia, and nystagmus. Thiamine is
administered immediately. Which condition is being
treated?
A. Wernicke encephalopathy
B. Korsakoff syndrome
C. Hepatic encephalopathy
D. Cerebellar degeneration
Answer: A
Rationale: Wernicke encephalopathy (confusion, ataxia,
nystagmus/ophthalmoplegia) is caused by thiamine
deficiency, common in alcoholism. Thiamine must be given
before glucose to prevent exacerbation.
2. In diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), the primary cause of
the anion gap metabolic acidosis is:
A. Lactic acidosis
2
,B. Hyperchloremia
C. Accumulation of ketone bodies (β -hydroxybutyrate,
acetoacetate)
D. Renal failure
Answer: C
Rationale: Insulin deficiency leads to lipolysis and
ketogenesis, producing ketoacids that consume
bicarbonate and widen the anion gap.
3. A patient with chronic kidney disease (stage 4)
develops hyperphosphatemia. This directly leads to:
A. Hypocalcemia
B. Hypercalcemia
C. Metabolic alkalosis
D. Hypermagnesemia
Answer: A
Rationale: Hyperphosphatemia binds with serum calcium,
lowering ionized calcium, which triggers secondary
hyperparathyroidism.
3
, 4. Which cytokine is primarily responsible for cachexia in
k k k k k k k
k chronic heart failure and cancer?
k k k k
A. IL-10
B. TNF-α
C. IL-4
D. IFN-γ
Answer: B k
Rationale: TNF-α promotes lipolysis, muscle wasting, and
k k k k k
k anorexia, leading to cachexia.
k k k
5. A patient with prolonged QT interval develops torsade de
k k k k k k k k
k pointes. Which electrolyte imbalance is most likely?
k k k k k k
A. Hyperkalemia
B. Hypomagnesemia
C. Hypercalcemia
D. Hyponatremia
Answer: B
k k
Rationale: Hypomagnesemia prolongs repolarization,
k k k
4
