Perfusion Basics Exam Comprehensive
Questions and Answers | A+ Graded | With
Expert Solutions
Q: Cardiovascular System Contains
Answer: -heart and blood vessels
Q: Precordium
Answer: -the area on the anterior chest directly overlying the heart and great vessels
Q: Mediastinum
Answer: -area between lungs containing heart and great vessels
Q: How is the heart rotated?
Answer: -right side is anterior and left side is mostly posterior
Q: Right Ventricle
Answer: -pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs
Q: greatest area of anterior cardiac surface
Q: found behind sternum
Q: Left Ventricle
Answer: -Found behind r ventricle and forms apex and slender area of L border
Q: Pumps blood throughout the body
Q: Right atrium
Answer: -Receives deoxygenated blood from the body
Q: right and above r ventricle and forms r border
Q: Left Atrium
Answer: -receives oxygenated blood from the lungs
Q: mostly posterior
Q: How are blood vessels arranged?
Answer: -two continuous loops and when heart contracts it pumps blood into both loops
Q: Pulmonary and Systemic circulation
Q: Heart Shape
Answer: -Upsidedown triangle, top is broader base, bottom is apex pointing down and left
Page 1
,Q: Vena Cava
Answer: -return unoxygenated venous blood to R side of heart
Q: Pulmonary Artery
Answer: -leaves RV and carries venous blood to lungs
Q: Pulmonary Veins
Answer: -Return fresh oxygenated blood to LA
Q: Aorta
Answer: -carries oxygenated blood from the left ventricle to the body
Q: Heart Wall Layers
Answer: -Pericardium: tough, fibrous, double-walled sac that surrounds and protects heart
Q: Myocardium: muscular wall of heart
Endocardium: thin layer of endothelial tissue that lines inner surface of heart chambers and valves
Q: Heart is seperated by
Answer: -septum wall
Q: How do valves open and close?
Answer: -It is a passive process due to pressure differences
-pressure ↑ in atria as compared to ventricle = AV valves open
-pressure ↑ in ventricle as compared to atrium = AV valves close
Q: Papillary muscles DO NOT open and close the valves
-prevent back flow of blood
Q: atrioventricular valves (AV valves)
Answer: -Seperate atria and ventricles, R AV is tricuspid, L AV is bicuspid or mitral valve
Q: open during diastole or filling phase to allow ventricles to fill
close during pumping phase or systole to prevent regurgitation of blood into atria
Q: path of blood through heart and how does it work
Answer: -Liver sends to RA through inferior vena cava and superior vena cava drains blood from
head and upper extremities
->
Q: RA venous blood travels through tricuspid to RV
->
Q: Pulmonic valve -> pulmonic artery -> lungs -> Pulmonary veins ->
fresh o2 blood -> LA -> mitral valve -> LV -> aortic valive -> aorta -> rest of body
blood is kept moving by continually shifting pressure gradients flowing from high to low
Q: Diastole
Page 2
, Answer: -ventricles relax and fill with blood
Q: AV valves open
Q: 2/3 of cardiac cycle
Q: two phases protodiastolic filling and presystole or atrial systole (atrial kick)
Q: protodiastolic filling
Answer: -early passive filling due to pressure in atria higher than ventricles
Q: Presystole or atrial systole
Answer: -occurs during ventricular diastole
Q: "atrial kick"
Q: 25% of stroke volume
Q: causes small rise in LV pressure
Q: active contraction atria
Q: Systole
Answer: -hearts contraction
blood pumped from ventricles fills pulmonary and systemic arteries 1/3 of cardiac cycle
Q: Begins when mitral and tricuspid valves swing shut (S1) beginning of systole
Q: When does atrial systole occur?
Answer: -during ventricular diastole
Q: isometric contraction
Answer: -ventricular walls contract against closed system building high level pressure in ventricles
Q: (all 4 valves are closed)
Q: isometric relaxation
Answer: -ventricles relax
Q: (all 4 valves closed)
Q: Differences in right and left side of heart (focusing on pressure and sequence)
Answer: -Right side requires lower pressure later due to right side requiring less energy to pump
blood to destination
Q: also sequence occurs slighly later in right side as well
Q: S1
Answer: -closure of AV valves
Q: Beginning of systole
Q: M1 slighly precedes T1
Q: Loudest at apex
Page 3
Questions and Answers | A+ Graded | With
Expert Solutions
Q: Cardiovascular System Contains
Answer: -heart and blood vessels
Q: Precordium
Answer: -the area on the anterior chest directly overlying the heart and great vessels
Q: Mediastinum
Answer: -area between lungs containing heart and great vessels
Q: How is the heart rotated?
Answer: -right side is anterior and left side is mostly posterior
Q: Right Ventricle
Answer: -pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs
Q: greatest area of anterior cardiac surface
Q: found behind sternum
Q: Left Ventricle
Answer: -Found behind r ventricle and forms apex and slender area of L border
Q: Pumps blood throughout the body
Q: Right atrium
Answer: -Receives deoxygenated blood from the body
Q: right and above r ventricle and forms r border
Q: Left Atrium
Answer: -receives oxygenated blood from the lungs
Q: mostly posterior
Q: How are blood vessels arranged?
Answer: -two continuous loops and when heart contracts it pumps blood into both loops
Q: Pulmonary and Systemic circulation
Q: Heart Shape
Answer: -Upsidedown triangle, top is broader base, bottom is apex pointing down and left
Page 1
,Q: Vena Cava
Answer: -return unoxygenated venous blood to R side of heart
Q: Pulmonary Artery
Answer: -leaves RV and carries venous blood to lungs
Q: Pulmonary Veins
Answer: -Return fresh oxygenated blood to LA
Q: Aorta
Answer: -carries oxygenated blood from the left ventricle to the body
Q: Heart Wall Layers
Answer: -Pericardium: tough, fibrous, double-walled sac that surrounds and protects heart
Q: Myocardium: muscular wall of heart
Endocardium: thin layer of endothelial tissue that lines inner surface of heart chambers and valves
Q: Heart is seperated by
Answer: -septum wall
Q: How do valves open and close?
Answer: -It is a passive process due to pressure differences
-pressure ↑ in atria as compared to ventricle = AV valves open
-pressure ↑ in ventricle as compared to atrium = AV valves close
Q: Papillary muscles DO NOT open and close the valves
-prevent back flow of blood
Q: atrioventricular valves (AV valves)
Answer: -Seperate atria and ventricles, R AV is tricuspid, L AV is bicuspid or mitral valve
Q: open during diastole or filling phase to allow ventricles to fill
close during pumping phase or systole to prevent regurgitation of blood into atria
Q: path of blood through heart and how does it work
Answer: -Liver sends to RA through inferior vena cava and superior vena cava drains blood from
head and upper extremities
->
Q: RA venous blood travels through tricuspid to RV
->
Q: Pulmonic valve -> pulmonic artery -> lungs -> Pulmonary veins ->
fresh o2 blood -> LA -> mitral valve -> LV -> aortic valive -> aorta -> rest of body
blood is kept moving by continually shifting pressure gradients flowing from high to low
Q: Diastole
Page 2
, Answer: -ventricles relax and fill with blood
Q: AV valves open
Q: 2/3 of cardiac cycle
Q: two phases protodiastolic filling and presystole or atrial systole (atrial kick)
Q: protodiastolic filling
Answer: -early passive filling due to pressure in atria higher than ventricles
Q: Presystole or atrial systole
Answer: -occurs during ventricular diastole
Q: "atrial kick"
Q: 25% of stroke volume
Q: causes small rise in LV pressure
Q: active contraction atria
Q: Systole
Answer: -hearts contraction
blood pumped from ventricles fills pulmonary and systemic arteries 1/3 of cardiac cycle
Q: Begins when mitral and tricuspid valves swing shut (S1) beginning of systole
Q: When does atrial systole occur?
Answer: -during ventricular diastole
Q: isometric contraction
Answer: -ventricular walls contract against closed system building high level pressure in ventricles
Q: (all 4 valves are closed)
Q: isometric relaxation
Answer: -ventricles relax
Q: (all 4 valves closed)
Q: Differences in right and left side of heart (focusing on pressure and sequence)
Answer: -Right side requires lower pressure later due to right side requiring less energy to pump
blood to destination
Q: also sequence occurs slighly later in right side as well
Q: S1
Answer: -closure of AV valves
Q: Beginning of systole
Q: M1 slighly precedes T1
Q: Loudest at apex
Page 3
