Oxford Cambridge and RSA
Tuesday 11 June 2024 – Afternoon
GCSE (9–1) History B (Schools History Project)
J411/34 The Mughal Empire, 1526–1707
with The First Crusade, c.1070–1100
Time allowed: 1 hour 45 minutes
* 1 9 3 2 0 3 2 6 3 0 *
You must have:
• the OCR 12-page Answer Booklet
INSTRUCTIONS
• Use black ink.
• Write your answer to each question in the Answer Booklet. The question numbers must
be clearly shown.
• Fill in the boxes on the front of the Answer Booklet.
• Section A – The Mughal Empire, 1526–1707: Answer Questions 1 (a–c), 2, 3 and either
Question 4 or Question 5.
• Section B – The First Crusade, c.1070–1100: Answer Questions 6 and 7, and either
Question 8 or Question 9.
INFORMATION
• The total mark for this paper is 80.
• The marks for each question are shown in brackets [ ].
• Quality of extended response will be assessed in questions marked with an asterisk (*).
• This document has 8 pages.
ADVICE
• Read each question carefully before you start your answer.
© OCR 2024 [601/8408/5] OCR is an exempt Charity
DC (ST) 344905 Turn over
, 2
Section A
The Mughal Empire, 1526–1707
Answer Questions 1 (a–c), 2 and 3.
1
(a) Name one achievement of Nur Jahan. [1]
(b) Give one example of a military campaign fought by Shah Jahan. [1]
(c) Give one example of Aurangzeb’s religious piety. [1]
2 Write a clear and organised summary that analyses Aurangzeb’s military campaigns.
Support your summary with examples. [9]
3 Why did Shah Jahan carry out major building projects during his reign (1627–1658)?
Explain your answer. [10]
Answer Question 4 or Question 5.
4* ‘Babur was an impressive leader and ruler in the period 1526 to 1530.’
How far do you agree?
Give reasons for your answer. [18]
5* ‘All of Akbar’s subjects benefited from his rule.’
How far do you agree with this view of Akbar’s reign (1556–1605)?
Give reasons for your answer. [18]
© OCR 2024 J411/34 Jun24
, 3
Section B
The First Crusade, c.1070–1100
Answer Questions 6 and 7.
6 What can Source A tell us about the siege of Jerusalem in 1099?
Use the source and your own knowledge to support your answer. [7]
Source A
An extract from an account of the First Crusade by Fulcher of Chartres. The author was a French
Crusader, but he did not take part in the siege of Jerusalem. His account was written in the
early 1100s.
When the Franks saw how difficult it would be to take Jerusalem, the leaders ordered
scaling ladders to be made. They hoped that, with bravery and God’s help, it might be
possible to climb the walls and take the city. So the ladders were made, and on the
following day a splendid assault was made on the city from all sides. But the city could
not be entered.
Then a council was held, and it was ordered that siege towers should be built. When
a tower had been put together it was moved nearer to the wall. Then knights, few in
number, but brave, took their places in the tower and began to shoot stones and arrows.
The Saracens defended themselves vigorously and skilfully. Many on both sides were
struck down in this fighting.
On the following day, with trumpets sounding, the Franks used the tower to enter the
city. The Saracens were completely demoralised. All their former boldness vanished and
they turned to flee through the narrow streets of the city.
Saracen was a term that the Crusaders used to describe Muslims who fought against
them.
© OCR 2024 J411/34 Jun24 Turn over
, 4
7 How useful are Interpretation B, Source C and Interpretation D for a historian studying the
conflict between the Crusaders and Kerbogha at Antioch in 1098?
In your answer, refer to the two interpretations and the source as well as your own knowledge.
[15]
Interpretation B
An extract from the ‘Alexiad’, an account of the reign of the Byzantine emperor Alexios I, written
by his daughter Anna in the 1140s.
After Kerbogha surrounded the Crusaders, they were soon suffering from hunger and
thirst. But their bishop, Peter, inspired by God, found the Holy Lance. The Crusaders
were now sure that God was with them and certain of victory. Robert of Flanders begged
the others to allow him to ride out first against the Turks with just three friends. They
agreed. Robert and his friends shouted ‘God is with us!’, and at full gallop they rode
straight at Kerbogha himself. They struck the Turks with their spears and the Turks were
thrown to the ground. The Turks were so terrified by this that they ran away before a
battle could start. They could see that God was evidently helping the Christians.
Source C
An extract from the ‘Gesta Francorum’ (The Deeds of the Franks). The Gesta Francorum was
an account of the First Crusade written between 1101 and 1103. The author is unknown but
they were probably a Norman or Italian knight. This extract describes the battle between the
Crusaders and the Turkish commander Kerbogha in 1098 at Antioch.
After Kerbogha saw the huge number in our army of Crusaders, he was greatly
frightened. Fearing that the Turks would lose the battle, he sent a message ordering
them to retreat if they were losing. The Turks then engaged us in battle and, by shooting
arrows, killed many of our men. But then victory was ours as Christ sent Saint George
and other saints and angels into battle to fight for us. This is to be believed, for many of
our men saw it. When the Turks realised they could no longer hold out, many fled the
battlefield.
Interpretation D
An extract from a recent article by the historian Thomas Asbridge.
When Kerbogha surrounded the Crusaders at Antioch it was the worst crisis of the First
Crusade. Immobilised by fear and starvation, with morale crumbling, they were brought
to the brink of defeat. Until now, most historians have argued that the discovery of the
Holy Lance transformed the Crusaders’ state of mind, making them believe God was
on their side. However, there was a two week delay after finding the lance before the
Crusaders faced Kerbogha in battle. It is more likely that the Crusaders were forced into
facing Kerbogha. They had nothing to lose.
© OCR 2024 J411/34 Jun24
Tuesday 11 June 2024 – Afternoon
GCSE (9–1) History B (Schools History Project)
J411/34 The Mughal Empire, 1526–1707
with The First Crusade, c.1070–1100
Time allowed: 1 hour 45 minutes
* 1 9 3 2 0 3 2 6 3 0 *
You must have:
• the OCR 12-page Answer Booklet
INSTRUCTIONS
• Use black ink.
• Write your answer to each question in the Answer Booklet. The question numbers must
be clearly shown.
• Fill in the boxes on the front of the Answer Booklet.
• Section A – The Mughal Empire, 1526–1707: Answer Questions 1 (a–c), 2, 3 and either
Question 4 or Question 5.
• Section B – The First Crusade, c.1070–1100: Answer Questions 6 and 7, and either
Question 8 or Question 9.
INFORMATION
• The total mark for this paper is 80.
• The marks for each question are shown in brackets [ ].
• Quality of extended response will be assessed in questions marked with an asterisk (*).
• This document has 8 pages.
ADVICE
• Read each question carefully before you start your answer.
© OCR 2024 [601/8408/5] OCR is an exempt Charity
DC (ST) 344905 Turn over
, 2
Section A
The Mughal Empire, 1526–1707
Answer Questions 1 (a–c), 2 and 3.
1
(a) Name one achievement of Nur Jahan. [1]
(b) Give one example of a military campaign fought by Shah Jahan. [1]
(c) Give one example of Aurangzeb’s religious piety. [1]
2 Write a clear and organised summary that analyses Aurangzeb’s military campaigns.
Support your summary with examples. [9]
3 Why did Shah Jahan carry out major building projects during his reign (1627–1658)?
Explain your answer. [10]
Answer Question 4 or Question 5.
4* ‘Babur was an impressive leader and ruler in the period 1526 to 1530.’
How far do you agree?
Give reasons for your answer. [18]
5* ‘All of Akbar’s subjects benefited from his rule.’
How far do you agree with this view of Akbar’s reign (1556–1605)?
Give reasons for your answer. [18]
© OCR 2024 J411/34 Jun24
, 3
Section B
The First Crusade, c.1070–1100
Answer Questions 6 and 7.
6 What can Source A tell us about the siege of Jerusalem in 1099?
Use the source and your own knowledge to support your answer. [7]
Source A
An extract from an account of the First Crusade by Fulcher of Chartres. The author was a French
Crusader, but he did not take part in the siege of Jerusalem. His account was written in the
early 1100s.
When the Franks saw how difficult it would be to take Jerusalem, the leaders ordered
scaling ladders to be made. They hoped that, with bravery and God’s help, it might be
possible to climb the walls and take the city. So the ladders were made, and on the
following day a splendid assault was made on the city from all sides. But the city could
not be entered.
Then a council was held, and it was ordered that siege towers should be built. When
a tower had been put together it was moved nearer to the wall. Then knights, few in
number, but brave, took their places in the tower and began to shoot stones and arrows.
The Saracens defended themselves vigorously and skilfully. Many on both sides were
struck down in this fighting.
On the following day, with trumpets sounding, the Franks used the tower to enter the
city. The Saracens were completely demoralised. All their former boldness vanished and
they turned to flee through the narrow streets of the city.
Saracen was a term that the Crusaders used to describe Muslims who fought against
them.
© OCR 2024 J411/34 Jun24 Turn over
, 4
7 How useful are Interpretation B, Source C and Interpretation D for a historian studying the
conflict between the Crusaders and Kerbogha at Antioch in 1098?
In your answer, refer to the two interpretations and the source as well as your own knowledge.
[15]
Interpretation B
An extract from the ‘Alexiad’, an account of the reign of the Byzantine emperor Alexios I, written
by his daughter Anna in the 1140s.
After Kerbogha surrounded the Crusaders, they were soon suffering from hunger and
thirst. But their bishop, Peter, inspired by God, found the Holy Lance. The Crusaders
were now sure that God was with them and certain of victory. Robert of Flanders begged
the others to allow him to ride out first against the Turks with just three friends. They
agreed. Robert and his friends shouted ‘God is with us!’, and at full gallop they rode
straight at Kerbogha himself. They struck the Turks with their spears and the Turks were
thrown to the ground. The Turks were so terrified by this that they ran away before a
battle could start. They could see that God was evidently helping the Christians.
Source C
An extract from the ‘Gesta Francorum’ (The Deeds of the Franks). The Gesta Francorum was
an account of the First Crusade written between 1101 and 1103. The author is unknown but
they were probably a Norman or Italian knight. This extract describes the battle between the
Crusaders and the Turkish commander Kerbogha in 1098 at Antioch.
After Kerbogha saw the huge number in our army of Crusaders, he was greatly
frightened. Fearing that the Turks would lose the battle, he sent a message ordering
them to retreat if they were losing. The Turks then engaged us in battle and, by shooting
arrows, killed many of our men. But then victory was ours as Christ sent Saint George
and other saints and angels into battle to fight for us. This is to be believed, for many of
our men saw it. When the Turks realised they could no longer hold out, many fled the
battlefield.
Interpretation D
An extract from a recent article by the historian Thomas Asbridge.
When Kerbogha surrounded the Crusaders at Antioch it was the worst crisis of the First
Crusade. Immobilised by fear and starvation, with morale crumbling, they were brought
to the brink of defeat. Until now, most historians have argued that the discovery of the
Holy Lance transformed the Crusaders’ state of mind, making them believe God was
on their side. However, there was a two week delay after finding the lance before the
Crusaders faced Kerbogha in battle. It is more likely that the Crusaders were forced into
facing Kerbogha. They had nothing to lose.
© OCR 2024 J411/34 Jun24
