INTEGRATION PRACTICE TEST 2026
◉ Risk
Answer: The combination of the severity of a define exposure with
its frequency of occurrence. The technique that effectively decreases
a project's schedule risk without increasing the overall risk is to
incorporate slack time into the projects's critical path schedule early
in project planning.
◉ Hazard
Answer: Any real or potential condition that can cause injury, illness,
or death to personnel; damage to or loss of a system, equipment or
property; or damage to the environment. A potentially unsafe
condition resulting from failures, malfunctions, external events,
errors, or a combination thereof. A condition, set of circumstances or
inherent property that can cause injury, illness or death.
◉ Probability
Answer: The likelihood of a hazard causing an incident or exposure
that could result in harm or damage for a selected unit of time,
events, population, items, or activities being considered.
,◉ Severity
Answer: The extent of harm or damage that could result from a
hazard related to incident or exposures.
◉ Risk analysis
Answer: The process of identifying safety risk. This involves
identifying hazards that present mishap risk with an assessment of
the risk.
◉ Risk assessment
Answer: The process of determining the risk presented by the
identified hazards. This involves evaluating the identified hazard
casual factors and then characterizing the risk as the product of the
hazard severity times the hazard probability.
◉ Safety
Answer: Freedom from those conditions that can cause death, injury,
occupational illness, damage to or loss of equipment or property, or
damage to the environment. The ability of a system to exclude
certain undesired events (i.e. mishaps) during stated operation
under stated conditions for a stated time. The ability of a system or
product to operate with a known and accepted level of mishap risk.
A built-in system characteristic.
◉ Exposure
,Answer: Contact with or proximity to a hazard, taking into account
duration and intensity.
◉ Root Cause Analysis (RCA)
Answer: Process of identifying the basic lowest level causal factors
for an event. Usually the event is an undesired event, such as a
hazard or mishap.
◉ Risk Communication
Answer: The interactive process of exchanging risk information and
opinions among stakeholders.
◉ Risk management
Answer: The process by which assessed risks are mitigated,
minimized, or controlled through engineering, management, or
operational means. This involved the optimal allocation of available
resources in support of safety, performance, cost, and schedule.
◉ Unacceptable risk
Answer: That risk that cannot be tolerated.
◉ Acceptable Risk
Answer: That part of identified mishap risk that is allowed to persist
without taking further engineering or management action to
, eliminate or reduce the risk, based on knowledge and decision
making. The system user consciously exposed to this risk. A risk
level achieved after risk reduction measures have been applied. It is
a risk level that is accepted for a given task (hazardous situation) or
hazard. For the purpose of this standard, the terms "acceptable risk"
and "tolerable risk" are considered to be synonymous.
◉ Accepted risk
Answer: Accepted risk has two parts: (1) risk that is knowingly
understood and accepted by the system developer or user and (2)
risk that is not known or understood and is accepted by default.
◉ Residual risk
Answer: Overall risk remaining after system safety mitigation efforts
have been fully implemented. It is, according to MIL-STD-882D, "the
remaining mishap risk that exists after all mitigation techniques
have been implemented or exhausted, in accordance with the system
safety design order of precedence." Residual risk is the sum of all
risk after mishap risk management has been applied, This is the
total risk passed on to the user.
◉ Mitigation
Answer: An action taken to reduce the risk presented by a hazard, by
modifying the hazard in order to decrease the mishap probability
and/or the mishap severity. Mitigation is generally accomplished
through design measures, use of safety devices, warning devices,