PHARM 5240 WEEK 2 QUIZ WITH
COMPLETE SOLUTIONS 100%
CORRECT!!!
Question 1: Which of the following choices best characterizes the primary
physiological impact of alpha-2 adrenergic agonists on the sympathetic nervous
system?
A) Accelerated heart rate
B) Widespread vasoconstriction
C) Inhibition of norepinephrine release ✔✔
D) Enhanced secretion of norepinephrine
Question 2: What clinical effect do muscarinic antagonists exert on the
gastrointestinal system?
A) Decreased peristalsis and reduced motility ✔✔
B) Increased peristalsis and cramping
C) Elevated secretion of gastric acid
D) Severe diarrhea
Rationale: Muscarinic antagonists suppress parasympathetic activity, which lowers
gastrointestinal tone and slows down motility, frequently resulting in constipation.
Question 3: A patient develops acute delirium and hallucinations following the
administration of atropine for symptomatic bradycardia. Which medication should
the provider order to reverse these central nervous system manifestations of
atropine toxicity?
A) Donepezil
B) Physostigmine ✔✔
C) Neostigmine
, D) Edrophonium
Physostigmine is the drug of choice for treating poisoning from atropine and other
drugs that cause
muscarinic blockade. Donepezil is used to treat Alzheimer disease. Edrophonium
is used to distinguish
between a myasthenic crisis and a cholinesterase inhibitor overdose. Neostigmine
does not cross the
blood-brain barrier and would not effectively treat this patient's CNS symptoms.
Which of the following medications is a commonly used muscarinic antagonist for
preoperative medication to reduce secretions?
Neostigmine
Atropine
Pilocarpine
Dobutamine
Atropine
Which of the following describes the primary effect of muscarinic agonists on the
cardiovascular system?
Decreased heart rate
Vasoconstriction
Increased blood pressure
, Increased heart rate
Decreased heart rate
The provider is discussing home management with a patient who will begin taking
an α-adrenergic antagonist for hypertension. Which statement by the patient
indicates understanding of the teaching?
"I need to stop the medication if my heart rate increases."
"I should not drive while taking this medication."
"I will stop taking the medication if I feel dizzy."
"I should take the first dose at bedtime."
"I should take the first dose at bedtime."
Orthostatic hypotension is a common side effect of this class of drugs and is most
severe with the first
dose. Administering the first dose at bedtime eliminates the risk associated with
this first-dose effect.
Tachycardia is an expected side effect; if severe, it can be treated with other
medications. Patients
should not drive during the first 12 to 24 hours after taking these agents, because
fainting and dizziness
may occur, but they may drive after that. Dizziness is not an indication for
stopping the drug; patients
who experience dizziness are instructed to sit or lie down until symptoms pass.
COMPLETE SOLUTIONS 100%
CORRECT!!!
Question 1: Which of the following choices best characterizes the primary
physiological impact of alpha-2 adrenergic agonists on the sympathetic nervous
system?
A) Accelerated heart rate
B) Widespread vasoconstriction
C) Inhibition of norepinephrine release ✔✔
D) Enhanced secretion of norepinephrine
Question 2: What clinical effect do muscarinic antagonists exert on the
gastrointestinal system?
A) Decreased peristalsis and reduced motility ✔✔
B) Increased peristalsis and cramping
C) Elevated secretion of gastric acid
D) Severe diarrhea
Rationale: Muscarinic antagonists suppress parasympathetic activity, which lowers
gastrointestinal tone and slows down motility, frequently resulting in constipation.
Question 3: A patient develops acute delirium and hallucinations following the
administration of atropine for symptomatic bradycardia. Which medication should
the provider order to reverse these central nervous system manifestations of
atropine toxicity?
A) Donepezil
B) Physostigmine ✔✔
C) Neostigmine
, D) Edrophonium
Physostigmine is the drug of choice for treating poisoning from atropine and other
drugs that cause
muscarinic blockade. Donepezil is used to treat Alzheimer disease. Edrophonium
is used to distinguish
between a myasthenic crisis and a cholinesterase inhibitor overdose. Neostigmine
does not cross the
blood-brain barrier and would not effectively treat this patient's CNS symptoms.
Which of the following medications is a commonly used muscarinic antagonist for
preoperative medication to reduce secretions?
Neostigmine
Atropine
Pilocarpine
Dobutamine
Atropine
Which of the following describes the primary effect of muscarinic agonists on the
cardiovascular system?
Decreased heart rate
Vasoconstriction
Increased blood pressure
, Increased heart rate
Decreased heart rate
The provider is discussing home management with a patient who will begin taking
an α-adrenergic antagonist for hypertension. Which statement by the patient
indicates understanding of the teaching?
"I need to stop the medication if my heart rate increases."
"I should not drive while taking this medication."
"I will stop taking the medication if I feel dizzy."
"I should take the first dose at bedtime."
"I should take the first dose at bedtime."
Orthostatic hypotension is a common side effect of this class of drugs and is most
severe with the first
dose. Administering the first dose at bedtime eliminates the risk associated with
this first-dose effect.
Tachycardia is an expected side effect; if severe, it can be treated with other
medications. Patients
should not drive during the first 12 to 24 hours after taking these agents, because
fainting and dizziness
may occur, but they may drive after that. Dizziness is not an indication for
stopping the drug; patients
who experience dizziness are instructed to sit or lie down until symptoms pass.
