NR 507: Advanced Pathophysiology
Midterm Exam Questions and Answers
1. Asthma: Chronic disease due to bronchoconstriction and an excessive inflammatory response in
the bronchioles
2. What are 5 s/s of asthma:
coughing wheezing
shortness of
breath rapid
breathing
chest tightness
3. Pathophysiology of asthma (5): -airway inflammation, bronchial hyper-reactivity and
smooth muscle
spasm
-excess mucus production and accumulation
-hypertrophy of bronchial smooth muscle
-airflow obstruction
-decreased alveolar ventilation
4. Bronchioles: smaller passageways that originate from the bronchi that become the alveoli
,5. 3 layers of the bronchioles: innermost
layer middle layer - lamina propria
outermost layer
6. lamina propria: the middle layer of the bronchioles
7. structure of the lamina propria: embedded with connective tissue cells and immune
cells
8. purpose of the lamina propria: white blood cells are present to help protect the
airways
9. How does the lamina propria effect the lungs in regards to asthma:
the WBCs protective feature goes into overdrive causing an inflammatory response that
damages host tissue
10. What does the innermost layer of the bronchioles contain:
columnar epithelial ells and mucus producing goblet cells
11. What does the outermost layer of the bronchioles contain: smooth
muscle cells
12. what does the outermost layer of the bronchioles do: control the
airways ability to constrict and dilate
, 13. alveolar hyperinflation: When air is unable to move out of the alveolar like it should
due to bronchial walls collapsing around possible mucus plug thus trapping air inside
14. how does hyperinflation occur?: the ongoing inflammatory process of asthma
produces mucus and pus plug that the bronchial walls collapse around
15. Effect of hyperinflation of the alveolar: -expanded thorax and hypercapnia
(retention of CO2)
-respiratory acidosis
16. What are two anticholinergic drugs used for asthma: tiotropium and
ipratropium
17. What do anticholinergics do in the lungs?: These drugs block the ettects of
the parasympathetic nervous system
-increasing bronchodilation
18. MOA of anticholinergic drugs for asthma: the parasympathetic system is
stimulated by the vagal nerve to release acetylcholine which binds to the cholinergic receptors of the
respiratory tract to cause bronchial constriction = decreased airflow
-blocking the cholinergic receptors prevents acetylcholine binding preventing the bronchial constriction
Midterm Exam Questions and Answers
1. Asthma: Chronic disease due to bronchoconstriction and an excessive inflammatory response in
the bronchioles
2. What are 5 s/s of asthma:
coughing wheezing
shortness of
breath rapid
breathing
chest tightness
3. Pathophysiology of asthma (5): -airway inflammation, bronchial hyper-reactivity and
smooth muscle
spasm
-excess mucus production and accumulation
-hypertrophy of bronchial smooth muscle
-airflow obstruction
-decreased alveolar ventilation
4. Bronchioles: smaller passageways that originate from the bronchi that become the alveoli
,5. 3 layers of the bronchioles: innermost
layer middle layer - lamina propria
outermost layer
6. lamina propria: the middle layer of the bronchioles
7. structure of the lamina propria: embedded with connective tissue cells and immune
cells
8. purpose of the lamina propria: white blood cells are present to help protect the
airways
9. How does the lamina propria effect the lungs in regards to asthma:
the WBCs protective feature goes into overdrive causing an inflammatory response that
damages host tissue
10. What does the innermost layer of the bronchioles contain:
columnar epithelial ells and mucus producing goblet cells
11. What does the outermost layer of the bronchioles contain: smooth
muscle cells
12. what does the outermost layer of the bronchioles do: control the
airways ability to constrict and dilate
, 13. alveolar hyperinflation: When air is unable to move out of the alveolar like it should
due to bronchial walls collapsing around possible mucus plug thus trapping air inside
14. how does hyperinflation occur?: the ongoing inflammatory process of asthma
produces mucus and pus plug that the bronchial walls collapse around
15. Effect of hyperinflation of the alveolar: -expanded thorax and hypercapnia
(retention of CO2)
-respiratory acidosis
16. What are two anticholinergic drugs used for asthma: tiotropium and
ipratropium
17. What do anticholinergics do in the lungs?: These drugs block the ettects of
the parasympathetic nervous system
-increasing bronchodilation
18. MOA of anticholinergic drugs for asthma: the parasympathetic system is
stimulated by the vagal nerve to release acetylcholine which binds to the cholinergic receptors of the
respiratory tract to cause bronchial constriction = decreased airflow
-blocking the cholinergic receptors prevents acetylcholine binding preventing the bronchial constriction
