BIO 117 Introduction to Anatomy and Physiology
HONDROS COLLEGE BIO 117 FINAL EXAM
LATEST 2026 SPRING SUMMER QUARTER
:ACTUAL QUESTION AND ANSWER
GRADED A
what substance is secreted in urine to decrease bloods ph
bicarbonte HCO3
what substance is secreted in urine to increase bloods ph
hydrogen ions
plasma protein albumin is produced by
liver
volume of blood pumped from one ventricular of the heart with each beat
stroke volume
volume of blood being pumped by heart, in particular by a left or right ventricle in the time
of one minute
cardiac output
vagus nerve
decreases heart rate
Right AV valve
Tricuspid
septum between right and left atria
foramen ovale
volume of air in lungs following maximal inhalation
total lung capacity
provides oxygenated blood to brain
circle of willis
aorta; left pulmonary veins; left atrium; left ventricle; bicuspid
structures that carry oxygenated blood (left heart)
,BIO 117 Introduction to Anatomy and Physiology
pulmonary arteries; vena cava; right atrium; right ventricle; tricuspid
structures that carry unoxygenated blood (right heart)
transport unoxygenated blood from the fetus to the placenta
umbilical arteries
transports oxygenated blood from the placenta to the fetus
umbilical vein
volume of air that remains in lung after forceful exhalation
residual volume
ventricular contraction; systole; qrs complex
ventricular depolarization
located between left ventricle and left aorta
aortic semilunar valve
located between right ventricle and pulmonary artery
pulmonic semilunar
two semilunar valves
pulmonary and aortic
pushes blood out of the heart into the pulmonary trunk-lungs
right ventricle
decreases thoracic and lung volume and increases pressure in the lungs
exhalation
space between the vocal cords
glottis/rima glottidis
vagus nerve effects
sa node
pacemaker of the heart
SA node
right heart pumps blood to the
pulmonary circulation
, BIO 117 Introduction to Anatomy and Physiology
acetylcholine; rest; decrease temp; hyperkalemia; hypocalcemia; parasympathetic nervous
system
factors that decrease heart rate
norepinephrine; epinephrine; stress; increase in temp; anticholinergic drugs; hypokalemia;
hypercalcemia
factors that increase heart rate
Left AV valve
Bicuspid
eliminated when we have acidosis
hydrogen ions
only structure of respiratory tract that is part of digestive system
pharynx
protein inside red blood cells that carry oxygento cells and carbon dioxide to the lungs
hemoglobin
loss of negative intrapleural pressure
collapses lung
measured during normal quiet breathing
tidal volume
coronary arteries and veins are part of
systemic circulation
located between right atrium and right ventricle
right av
Lower chambers of the heart and pump blood out of the heart
ventricles
muscles of respiration relax and allow the ribs and diaphragm to return to their original
positions
exhalation
left heart pumps blood to the
systemic circulation
pushes blood out of the heart into the aorta-body
left venteicle
small hole in septum
foramen ovale
collects nutrient rich, deoxygenated blood to the liver
hepatic portal vein
excess sodium in the blood and is result of excess water loss
hypernatremia
allows blood to flow directly from the right atrium into the left atrium to bypass pulmonary
circulation
foramen ovale
carries blood from the umbilical vein to inferior vena cava; allows some blood to bypass the
liver
ductus venosus
atrial contraction; systole; p wave
HONDROS COLLEGE BIO 117 FINAL EXAM
LATEST 2026 SPRING SUMMER QUARTER
:ACTUAL QUESTION AND ANSWER
GRADED A
what substance is secreted in urine to decrease bloods ph
bicarbonte HCO3
what substance is secreted in urine to increase bloods ph
hydrogen ions
plasma protein albumin is produced by
liver
volume of blood pumped from one ventricular of the heart with each beat
stroke volume
volume of blood being pumped by heart, in particular by a left or right ventricle in the time
of one minute
cardiac output
vagus nerve
decreases heart rate
Right AV valve
Tricuspid
septum between right and left atria
foramen ovale
volume of air in lungs following maximal inhalation
total lung capacity
provides oxygenated blood to brain
circle of willis
aorta; left pulmonary veins; left atrium; left ventricle; bicuspid
structures that carry oxygenated blood (left heart)
,BIO 117 Introduction to Anatomy and Physiology
pulmonary arteries; vena cava; right atrium; right ventricle; tricuspid
structures that carry unoxygenated blood (right heart)
transport unoxygenated blood from the fetus to the placenta
umbilical arteries
transports oxygenated blood from the placenta to the fetus
umbilical vein
volume of air that remains in lung after forceful exhalation
residual volume
ventricular contraction; systole; qrs complex
ventricular depolarization
located between left ventricle and left aorta
aortic semilunar valve
located between right ventricle and pulmonary artery
pulmonic semilunar
two semilunar valves
pulmonary and aortic
pushes blood out of the heart into the pulmonary trunk-lungs
right ventricle
decreases thoracic and lung volume and increases pressure in the lungs
exhalation
space between the vocal cords
glottis/rima glottidis
vagus nerve effects
sa node
pacemaker of the heart
SA node
right heart pumps blood to the
pulmonary circulation
, BIO 117 Introduction to Anatomy and Physiology
acetylcholine; rest; decrease temp; hyperkalemia; hypocalcemia; parasympathetic nervous
system
factors that decrease heart rate
norepinephrine; epinephrine; stress; increase in temp; anticholinergic drugs; hypokalemia;
hypercalcemia
factors that increase heart rate
Left AV valve
Bicuspid
eliminated when we have acidosis
hydrogen ions
only structure of respiratory tract that is part of digestive system
pharynx
protein inside red blood cells that carry oxygento cells and carbon dioxide to the lungs
hemoglobin
loss of negative intrapleural pressure
collapses lung
measured during normal quiet breathing
tidal volume
coronary arteries and veins are part of
systemic circulation
located between right atrium and right ventricle
right av
Lower chambers of the heart and pump blood out of the heart
ventricles
muscles of respiration relax and allow the ribs and diaphragm to return to their original
positions
exhalation
left heart pumps blood to the
systemic circulation
pushes blood out of the heart into the aorta-body
left venteicle
small hole in septum
foramen ovale
collects nutrient rich, deoxygenated blood to the liver
hepatic portal vein
excess sodium in the blood and is result of excess water loss
hypernatremia
allows blood to flow directly from the right atrium into the left atrium to bypass pulmonary
circulation
foramen ovale
carries blood from the umbilical vein to inferior vena cava; allows some blood to bypass the
liver
ductus venosus
atrial contraction; systole; p wave
