NUR 205 Transition to Associate Degree Nursing
HONDROS COLLEGE NUR 205 FINAL EXAM LATEST
2026 COMPREHENSIVE PREDITOR |100%
VERIFIED :GRADED A|ORIGINAL
Three p's of hyperglycemia
polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia
What is polydipsia?
excessive thirst
What is polyphagia?
excessive hunger
What is insensible water loss?
Loss of water from the body that is not noticeable or measurable
What is dehydration?
A serious reduction in the body's water content
Groups at risk for electrolyte imbalance
elderly, excessive exercise, diabetics, dehydrated people
What is sodium?
Electrolyte needed for nerve impulse transmission and acid/base balance. Promotes water
retention
Normal potassium levels
3.5-5.0 mEq/L
Normal sodium levels
135-145 mEq/L
Normal calcium levels
9-10.5 mg/dL
,NUR 205 Transition to Associate Degree Nursing
Normal magnesium levels
1.3-2.1 mEq/L
Normal phosphorus levels
3.0-4.5 mg/dL
Why are older adults at risk for gas exchange impairment
Chest wall increase in stiffness
Loss of elastic recoil
Less tidal volume capacity
What is a barreled chest?
Barrel chest is a visible symptom of COPD, emphysema, osteoarthritis, and CF
What is an ABG test?
arterial blood gas test
endoscopy/bronchoscopy
Bronchoscopy is a procedure to look directly at the airways in the lungs using a thin, lighted tube
(bronchoscope)
Examples of primary prevention for gas exchange impairment
Infection Control
Smoking Cessation
Immunizations
Preventing postoperative complications(DVT, Pneumonia)
Examples of Secondary prevention for gas exchange impairment
TB skin test
Collaborative Interventions for impaired gas exchange
Pharmacotherpy - Albuterol, steroid inhalers
Oxygen Therapy - Limit to 2 Liters unless ordered
Chest Physiotherapy
Postural Drainage - Position changes
Invasive Procedures - Chest tubes, thoracentesis
Nutrition
What is asthma?
Constricting of the airway due to inflammation and muscular contraction of the bronchioles. Also
called Reactive Airway Disease
What is COPD?
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Irreversible decrease in the ability to force air out of the
lungs.
Symptoms of COPD
History of progressive shortness of breath, excessive cough, and sputum production.
Patients with predominantly emphysematous COPD may have dry cough, weight loss, tachycardia,
hypertension
, NUR 205 Transition to Associate Degree Nursing
What is pneumonia?
infection of lungs where theres fluid or pus in the alveoli; poor gas exchange
What is anemia?
a decrease in the oxygen-carrying ability(hemoglobin) of the blood or low RBC count
What is a pulmonary embolism?
clot dislodged from peripheral venous system into pulmonary arterial system. S/S: dyspnea, sudden
chest pain, tachycardia, low BP, tachypnea, low O2 saturation, cyanosis. Treatment: oxygen, semi-
fowlers position, fluids, monitor vital signs often, ECG, ABG, Heparin, cardiopulmonary support.
What is the blood PH?
7.35-7.45
What is acidic blood PH?
Below 7.35
What is alkalotic blood PH?
Above 7.45
What would increased diarrhea do to body PH?
Acidosis
What would increased vomitting do to body PH?
Alkalosis
Normal Range of PCO2 in blood
35-45 mmHg
Normal range:
HCO3-
bicarbonate
22-26 mEq/L
Where is HCO3- found?
extracellular fluid
Ischemia
inadequate blood supply to organ or other parts of the body
Hypoxia
Low oxygen saturation of the body, not enough oxygen in the blood
hypoxemia
deficient amount of oxygen in the blood
Perfusion
The supply of oxygen to and removal of wastes from the cells and tissues of the body as a result of
the flow of blood through the capillaries.
Why are newborns at risk for gas exchange deficiencies
Reduced lung capacity and increased lung compliance
Why are children at risk for gas exchange impairment
Decreased alveolar surface and increased exposure to respiratory pathogens
What is Kussmaul breathing?
HONDROS COLLEGE NUR 205 FINAL EXAM LATEST
2026 COMPREHENSIVE PREDITOR |100%
VERIFIED :GRADED A|ORIGINAL
Three p's of hyperglycemia
polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia
What is polydipsia?
excessive thirst
What is polyphagia?
excessive hunger
What is insensible water loss?
Loss of water from the body that is not noticeable or measurable
What is dehydration?
A serious reduction in the body's water content
Groups at risk for electrolyte imbalance
elderly, excessive exercise, diabetics, dehydrated people
What is sodium?
Electrolyte needed for nerve impulse transmission and acid/base balance. Promotes water
retention
Normal potassium levels
3.5-5.0 mEq/L
Normal sodium levels
135-145 mEq/L
Normal calcium levels
9-10.5 mg/dL
,NUR 205 Transition to Associate Degree Nursing
Normal magnesium levels
1.3-2.1 mEq/L
Normal phosphorus levels
3.0-4.5 mg/dL
Why are older adults at risk for gas exchange impairment
Chest wall increase in stiffness
Loss of elastic recoil
Less tidal volume capacity
What is a barreled chest?
Barrel chest is a visible symptom of COPD, emphysema, osteoarthritis, and CF
What is an ABG test?
arterial blood gas test
endoscopy/bronchoscopy
Bronchoscopy is a procedure to look directly at the airways in the lungs using a thin, lighted tube
(bronchoscope)
Examples of primary prevention for gas exchange impairment
Infection Control
Smoking Cessation
Immunizations
Preventing postoperative complications(DVT, Pneumonia)
Examples of Secondary prevention for gas exchange impairment
TB skin test
Collaborative Interventions for impaired gas exchange
Pharmacotherpy - Albuterol, steroid inhalers
Oxygen Therapy - Limit to 2 Liters unless ordered
Chest Physiotherapy
Postural Drainage - Position changes
Invasive Procedures - Chest tubes, thoracentesis
Nutrition
What is asthma?
Constricting of the airway due to inflammation and muscular contraction of the bronchioles. Also
called Reactive Airway Disease
What is COPD?
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Irreversible decrease in the ability to force air out of the
lungs.
Symptoms of COPD
History of progressive shortness of breath, excessive cough, and sputum production.
Patients with predominantly emphysematous COPD may have dry cough, weight loss, tachycardia,
hypertension
, NUR 205 Transition to Associate Degree Nursing
What is pneumonia?
infection of lungs where theres fluid or pus in the alveoli; poor gas exchange
What is anemia?
a decrease in the oxygen-carrying ability(hemoglobin) of the blood or low RBC count
What is a pulmonary embolism?
clot dislodged from peripheral venous system into pulmonary arterial system. S/S: dyspnea, sudden
chest pain, tachycardia, low BP, tachypnea, low O2 saturation, cyanosis. Treatment: oxygen, semi-
fowlers position, fluids, monitor vital signs often, ECG, ABG, Heparin, cardiopulmonary support.
What is the blood PH?
7.35-7.45
What is acidic blood PH?
Below 7.35
What is alkalotic blood PH?
Above 7.45
What would increased diarrhea do to body PH?
Acidosis
What would increased vomitting do to body PH?
Alkalosis
Normal Range of PCO2 in blood
35-45 mmHg
Normal range:
HCO3-
bicarbonate
22-26 mEq/L
Where is HCO3- found?
extracellular fluid
Ischemia
inadequate blood supply to organ or other parts of the body
Hypoxia
Low oxygen saturation of the body, not enough oxygen in the blood
hypoxemia
deficient amount of oxygen in the blood
Perfusion
The supply of oxygen to and removal of wastes from the cells and tissues of the body as a result of
the flow of blood through the capillaries.
Why are newborns at risk for gas exchange deficiencies
Reduced lung capacity and increased lung compliance
Why are children at risk for gas exchange impairment
Decreased alveolar surface and increased exposure to respiratory pathogens
What is Kussmaul breathing?
