Hydronic Heating, Cooling & Process
Piping EXAM STUDY GUIDE 2026/2027
ACCURATE QUESTIONS WITH
CORRECT DETAILED SOLUTIONS ||
100% GUARANTEED PASS
<NEWEST VERSION>
1. What is the primary medium used in hydronic heating systems? - ANSWER
✔ Water
2. What is the specific gravity of oil compared to water? - ANSWER ✔ Oil
has a specific gravity of 0.96, meaning it is lighter than water.
3. What are the two common types of glycol used in hydronic systems? -
ANSWER ✔ Propylene Glycol and Ethylene Glycol
4. What is the significance of water's specific gravity in hydronics? -
ANSWER ✔ Water is referenced as 1.0 at 4°C / 39.2°F, serving as a
standard for comparing other fluids.
5. What are the main topics covered in the HDRO 360/362 course? -
ANSWER ✔ Circulator application, hydronic distribution piping, multi-
temperature applications, and control strategies.
6. What is the purpose of calculating circulator requirements in hydronic
systems? - ANSWER ✔ To ensure proper flow and pressure for effective
heating.
7. What happens to the heat in a hydronic system without temperature
controls? - ANSWER ✔ It would stabilize at a temperature that may not be
efficient or safe.
,8. What is the impact of low return water temperatures on boiler operation? -
ANSWER ✔ It can lead to damage and inefficiency in the heating system.
9. What is the definition of human comfort relative to temperature? -
ANSWER ✔ When you feel neither warm nor cool
10.Which type of hydronic system would use gravity? - ANSWER ✔ Low
temperature heating
11.Describe a hydronic system: - ANSWER ✔ Heating and cooling system
that uses water or HTF as a heat transfer medium
12.Brine or glycol mixture is commonly referred to as___________? -
ANSWER ✔ HTF (Heat Transfer Fluid)
13.In which year did Willis Carrier patent the dew point control system? -
ANSWER ✔ 1907
14.How many BTUs are required to heat one pound of water from 32°F to
212°F? - ANSWER ✔ 180 BTU
15.In order to provide accurate indoor temperatures, the heat supply to the
building must be equal to ____________? - ANSWER ✔ Heat loss of the
building
16.What are the four types of heat transfer? - ANSWER ✔ Conduction,
convection, radiation, evaporation
17.Calculate the GPM for an 80 MBH heat load using water as the HTF with a
change in temp of 20°F - ANSWER ✔ 8 GPM
18.How is TEL (total equivalent length) measured and calculated? - ANSWER
✔ Measure longest circuit and add 50% for fittings and terminal units
19.Which type of heat, when added or removed from a substance, creates a
change of state? - ANSWER ✔ Latent heat
,20.Define humidity: - ANSWER ✔ The amount of moisture in the air
21.What is the dry bulb temperature? - ANSWER ✔ Temperature of air taken
with a standard thermometer
22.Which tool is used to determine relative humidity? - ANSWER ✔ Sling
Psychrometer
23.How is rate of flow measured? - ANSWER ✔ Gallons per minute
24.The uniform mechanical code states that system piping and components
shall be tested with a pressure of not less than ___________ times the
operating pressure and not less than _________ PSIG - ANSWER ✔
1.5/100
25.What condition can act as an insulator and is an accumulation of mineral
deposits on metal surfaces? - ANSWER ✔ Scale
26.What is TSP (Trisodium phosphate) used for? - ANSWER ✔ Cleaning a
piping system
27.When running two pumps of equal size and in parallel, what happens to the
flow? - ANSWER ✔ The flow doubles. However, According to Len
Strunk, it increases no more than 1/3
28.The system has a heat loss of 1500 MBH and a measured longest circuit of
400 feet; which circulator would you specify? - ANSWER ✔ 150 GPM @
24 FT Head
29.A system has a total adjusted heat loss of 500,000 BTUH with a delta T of
35°F; what is the required flow? - ANSWER ✔ 28 gallons per minute
30.A pump is selected by flow rate and ________? - ANSWER ✔ System
pressure drop
31.A boiler produces 280,000 BTUs per hour. The HTF is circulating to a
holding tank. When the system has a temperature difference of 20°F, what is
the flow rate? - ANSWER ✔ 28 GPM
, 32.The water flow velocity should be between __________? - ANSWER ✔
2.5-8 FPS
33.What is the equivalent length in pipe for 13 inch iron pipe elbow with a
velocity of 6 ft./s? - ANSWER ✔ 8.9'
34.Act 230 is also known as? - ANSWER ✔ Stille-Derossett-Hale Single
State Construction Code Act or "Uniform Construction Code"
35.Act 230 was originially created in what year? - ANSWER ✔ 1972
36.An appointment with the Act 230 State Construction Code Commission lasts
how long? - ANSWER ✔ 2 years prior to 2007 and 4 years after 2006
37.Act 230 Building permits shall be granted in part or in whole or denied
within how long? - ANSWER ✔ 10 business days
38.True or False: An enforcing agency may suspend, revoke or cancel a
building permit in case of failure or neglect to comply with Act 230
requirements - ANSWER ✔ True
39.Act 230 violations may require penalties not to exceed...? - ANSWER ✔
$500 for each violation or day that a violation continues
40.___ is the flashing of pumped liquid into vapor bubbles and the subsequent
violent collapsing of those bubbles as the liquid moves from suction to
discharge through a pump.
A. Pitting
B. Bubbling
C. Cavitation
D. Corrosion - ANSWER ✔ C
41.When determining the best location for air separators, the point of ___
should receive first consideration.
A. highest temperature
B. lowest temperature
Piping EXAM STUDY GUIDE 2026/2027
ACCURATE QUESTIONS WITH
CORRECT DETAILED SOLUTIONS ||
100% GUARANTEED PASS
<NEWEST VERSION>
1. What is the primary medium used in hydronic heating systems? - ANSWER
✔ Water
2. What is the specific gravity of oil compared to water? - ANSWER ✔ Oil
has a specific gravity of 0.96, meaning it is lighter than water.
3. What are the two common types of glycol used in hydronic systems? -
ANSWER ✔ Propylene Glycol and Ethylene Glycol
4. What is the significance of water's specific gravity in hydronics? -
ANSWER ✔ Water is referenced as 1.0 at 4°C / 39.2°F, serving as a
standard for comparing other fluids.
5. What are the main topics covered in the HDRO 360/362 course? -
ANSWER ✔ Circulator application, hydronic distribution piping, multi-
temperature applications, and control strategies.
6. What is the purpose of calculating circulator requirements in hydronic
systems? - ANSWER ✔ To ensure proper flow and pressure for effective
heating.
7. What happens to the heat in a hydronic system without temperature
controls? - ANSWER ✔ It would stabilize at a temperature that may not be
efficient or safe.
,8. What is the impact of low return water temperatures on boiler operation? -
ANSWER ✔ It can lead to damage and inefficiency in the heating system.
9. What is the definition of human comfort relative to temperature? -
ANSWER ✔ When you feel neither warm nor cool
10.Which type of hydronic system would use gravity? - ANSWER ✔ Low
temperature heating
11.Describe a hydronic system: - ANSWER ✔ Heating and cooling system
that uses water or HTF as a heat transfer medium
12.Brine or glycol mixture is commonly referred to as___________? -
ANSWER ✔ HTF (Heat Transfer Fluid)
13.In which year did Willis Carrier patent the dew point control system? -
ANSWER ✔ 1907
14.How many BTUs are required to heat one pound of water from 32°F to
212°F? - ANSWER ✔ 180 BTU
15.In order to provide accurate indoor temperatures, the heat supply to the
building must be equal to ____________? - ANSWER ✔ Heat loss of the
building
16.What are the four types of heat transfer? - ANSWER ✔ Conduction,
convection, radiation, evaporation
17.Calculate the GPM for an 80 MBH heat load using water as the HTF with a
change in temp of 20°F - ANSWER ✔ 8 GPM
18.How is TEL (total equivalent length) measured and calculated? - ANSWER
✔ Measure longest circuit and add 50% for fittings and terminal units
19.Which type of heat, when added or removed from a substance, creates a
change of state? - ANSWER ✔ Latent heat
,20.Define humidity: - ANSWER ✔ The amount of moisture in the air
21.What is the dry bulb temperature? - ANSWER ✔ Temperature of air taken
with a standard thermometer
22.Which tool is used to determine relative humidity? - ANSWER ✔ Sling
Psychrometer
23.How is rate of flow measured? - ANSWER ✔ Gallons per minute
24.The uniform mechanical code states that system piping and components
shall be tested with a pressure of not less than ___________ times the
operating pressure and not less than _________ PSIG - ANSWER ✔
1.5/100
25.What condition can act as an insulator and is an accumulation of mineral
deposits on metal surfaces? - ANSWER ✔ Scale
26.What is TSP (Trisodium phosphate) used for? - ANSWER ✔ Cleaning a
piping system
27.When running two pumps of equal size and in parallel, what happens to the
flow? - ANSWER ✔ The flow doubles. However, According to Len
Strunk, it increases no more than 1/3
28.The system has a heat loss of 1500 MBH and a measured longest circuit of
400 feet; which circulator would you specify? - ANSWER ✔ 150 GPM @
24 FT Head
29.A system has a total adjusted heat loss of 500,000 BTUH with a delta T of
35°F; what is the required flow? - ANSWER ✔ 28 gallons per minute
30.A pump is selected by flow rate and ________? - ANSWER ✔ System
pressure drop
31.A boiler produces 280,000 BTUs per hour. The HTF is circulating to a
holding tank. When the system has a temperature difference of 20°F, what is
the flow rate? - ANSWER ✔ 28 GPM
, 32.The water flow velocity should be between __________? - ANSWER ✔
2.5-8 FPS
33.What is the equivalent length in pipe for 13 inch iron pipe elbow with a
velocity of 6 ft./s? - ANSWER ✔ 8.9'
34.Act 230 is also known as? - ANSWER ✔ Stille-Derossett-Hale Single
State Construction Code Act or "Uniform Construction Code"
35.Act 230 was originially created in what year? - ANSWER ✔ 1972
36.An appointment with the Act 230 State Construction Code Commission lasts
how long? - ANSWER ✔ 2 years prior to 2007 and 4 years after 2006
37.Act 230 Building permits shall be granted in part or in whole or denied
within how long? - ANSWER ✔ 10 business days
38.True or False: An enforcing agency may suspend, revoke or cancel a
building permit in case of failure or neglect to comply with Act 230
requirements - ANSWER ✔ True
39.Act 230 violations may require penalties not to exceed...? - ANSWER ✔
$500 for each violation or day that a violation continues
40.___ is the flashing of pumped liquid into vapor bubbles and the subsequent
violent collapsing of those bubbles as the liquid moves from suction to
discharge through a pump.
A. Pitting
B. Bubbling
C. Cavitation
D. Corrosion - ANSWER ✔ C
41.When determining the best location for air separators, the point of ___
should receive first consideration.
A. highest temperature
B. lowest temperature
