TEST BANK
Porth's Pathophysiology Concepts of
Altered Health 10th Edition Norris
TEST BANK
, Porth’s Pathophysiology Concepts of Altered
Health 10th Edition Norris Test Bank
Ch 1- Concepts of Health and Disease
1. At an international nursing conference, many discussions and breakout sessions
focused on the World Health Organization (WHO) views on health. Of the following
comments made by nurses during a discussion session, which statements would
be considered a good representation of the WHO definition? Select all that apply.
A) Interests in keeping the elderly population engaged in such activities as book
reviews and word games during social time
B) Increase in the number of chair aerobics classes provided in the skilled care
facilities
C) Interventions geared toward keeping the elderly population diagnosed with
diabetes mellitus under tight blood glucose control by providing in-home
cooking classes
D) Providing transportation for renal dialysis patients to and from their
hemodialysis sessions
E) Providing handwashing teaching sessions to a group of young children Ans: A,
B, C, E Feedback:
The WHO definition of health is defined as “a state of complete physical, mental,
and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease and infirmity.”
Engaging in book reviews facilitates mental and social well-being; chair aerobics
helps facilitate physical well-being; and assisting with tight control of diabetes
helps with facilitating physical well-being even though the person has a chronic
disease. Handwashing is vital in the prevention of disease and spread of germs.
2. A community health nurse is teaching a group of recent graduates about the large
variety of factors that influence an individual's health or lack thereof. The nurse is
referring to the Healthy People 2020 report from the U.S. Department of Health
and Human Services as a teaching example. Of the following aspects discussed,
which would be considered a determinant of health that is outside the focus of
this report?
A) The client has a diverse background by being of Asian and Native American
descent and practices various alternative therapies to minimize effects of
stress.
B) The client has a family history of cardiovascular disease related to
hypercholesterolemia and remains noncompliant with the treatment regime.
C) The client has a good career with exceptional preventative health care benefits.
D) The client lives in an affluent, clean, suburban community with access to many
health care facilities.
Ans: B
Feedback:
, In Healthy People 2020, the focus is to promote good health to all (such as using
alternative therapies to minimize effects of stress); achieving health equity and
promoting health for all (which includes having good health care benefits); and
promoting good health (which includes living in a clean community with good
access to health care). A client's noncompliance with treatments to control high
cholesterol levels within the presence of a family history of CV disease does not
meet the “attaining lives free of preventable disease and premature death”
determinant.
3. A physician is providing care for a number of patients on a medical unit of a large,
university hospital. The physician is discussing with a colleague the differentiation
between diseases that are caused by abnormal molecules and diseases that
cause disease. Which of the following patients most clearly demonstrates the
consequences of molecules that cause disease?
A) A 31-year-old woman with sickle cell anemia who is receiving a transfusion of
packed red blood cells
B) A 91-year-old woman who has experienced an ischemic stroke resulting from
familial hypercholesterolemia
C) A 19-year-old man with exacerbation of his cystic fibrosis requiring oxygen
therapy and chest physiotherapy
D) A 30-year-old homeless man who has Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP)
and is HIV positive.
Ans: D
Feedback:
PCP is an example of the effect of a molecule that directly contributes to disease.
Sickle cell anemia, familial hypercholesterolemia, and cystic fibrosis are all
examples of the effects of abnormal molecules.
4. A member of the health care team is researching the etiology and pathogenesis of
a number of clients who are under his care in a hospital context. Which of the
following aspects of clients' situations bNest chSaraNctGerTizBes
paOthMogenesis rather than etiology? A) A client who has been exposed to the
Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacterium
B) A client who has increasing serum ammonia levels due to liver cirrhosis
C) A client who was admitted with the effects of methyl alcohol poisoning
D) A client with multiple skeletal injuries secondary to a motor vehicle accident
Ans: B Feedback:
Pathogenesis refers to the progressive and evolutionary course of disease, such
as the increasing ammonia levels that accompany liver disease. Bacteria,
poisons, and traumatic injuries are examples of etiologic factors.
5. A new myocardial infarction patient requiring angioplasty and stent placement
has arrived to his first cardiac rehabilitation appointment. In this first session, a
, review of the pathogenesis of coronary artery disease is addressed. Which
statement by the patient verifies to the nurse that he has understood the nurse's
teachings about coronary artery disease?
A) “All I have to do is stop smoking, and then I won't have any more heart attacks.”
B) “My artery was clogged by fat, so I will need to stop eating fatty foods like
French fries every day.”
C) “Sounds like this began because of inflammation inside my artery that made it
easy to form fatty streaks, which lead to my clogged artery.”
D) “If I do not exercise regularly to get my heart rate up, blood pools in the veins
causing a clot that stops blood flow to the muscle, and I will have a heart
attack.”
Ans: C
Feedback:
The true etiology/cause of coronary artery disease (CAD) is unknown; however, the
pathogenesis of the disorder relates to the progression of the inflammatory
process from a fatty streak to the occlusive vessel lesion seen in people with
coronary artery disease. Risk factors for CAD revolve around cigarette smoking,
diet high in fat, and lack of exercise.
6. A 77-year-old man is a hospital inpatient admitted for exacerbation of his chronic
obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and a respiratory therapist (RT) is
assessing the client for the first time. Which of theIfolGloTwin.gCaOspMects of
the patient's current state of health would be best characterized as a symptom
rather than a sign? A) The patient's oxygen saturation is 83% by pulse oxymetry.
B) The patient notes that he has increased work of breathing when lying supine.
C) The RT hears diminished breath sounds to the patient's lower lung fields
bilaterally.
D) The patient's respiratory rate is 31 breaths/minute. Ans: B Feedback:
Symptoms are subjective complaints by the person experiencing the health
problem, such as complaints of breathing difficulty. Oxygen levels, listening to
breath sounds, and respiratory rate are all objective, observable signs of
disease.
7. Which of the following situations would be classified as a complication of a
s2 s2 s2 s2 s2 s2 s2 s2 s2 s2 s2 s2
disease
s2
or outcome from the treatment regimen? Select all that apply.
s2 s2 s2 s2 s2 s2 s2 s2 s2 s2
A) Massive pulmonary emboli following diagnosis of new-onset atrial
s2 s2 s2 s2 s2 s2 s2
fibrillation
s2
B) Burning, intense incision pain following surgery to remove a portion of
s2 s2 s2 s2 s2 s2 s2 s2 s2 s2
colon s2
due to intestinal aganglionosis
s2 s2 s2 s2
C) Development of pulmonary fibrosis following treatment with bleomycin,
s2 s2 s2 s2 s2 s2 s2
Porth's Pathophysiology Concepts of
Altered Health 10th Edition Norris
TEST BANK
, Porth’s Pathophysiology Concepts of Altered
Health 10th Edition Norris Test Bank
Ch 1- Concepts of Health and Disease
1. At an international nursing conference, many discussions and breakout sessions
focused on the World Health Organization (WHO) views on health. Of the following
comments made by nurses during a discussion session, which statements would
be considered a good representation of the WHO definition? Select all that apply.
A) Interests in keeping the elderly population engaged in such activities as book
reviews and word games during social time
B) Increase in the number of chair aerobics classes provided in the skilled care
facilities
C) Interventions geared toward keeping the elderly population diagnosed with
diabetes mellitus under tight blood glucose control by providing in-home
cooking classes
D) Providing transportation for renal dialysis patients to and from their
hemodialysis sessions
E) Providing handwashing teaching sessions to a group of young children Ans: A,
B, C, E Feedback:
The WHO definition of health is defined as “a state of complete physical, mental,
and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease and infirmity.”
Engaging in book reviews facilitates mental and social well-being; chair aerobics
helps facilitate physical well-being; and assisting with tight control of diabetes
helps with facilitating physical well-being even though the person has a chronic
disease. Handwashing is vital in the prevention of disease and spread of germs.
2. A community health nurse is teaching a group of recent graduates about the large
variety of factors that influence an individual's health or lack thereof. The nurse is
referring to the Healthy People 2020 report from the U.S. Department of Health
and Human Services as a teaching example. Of the following aspects discussed,
which would be considered a determinant of health that is outside the focus of
this report?
A) The client has a diverse background by being of Asian and Native American
descent and practices various alternative therapies to minimize effects of
stress.
B) The client has a family history of cardiovascular disease related to
hypercholesterolemia and remains noncompliant with the treatment regime.
C) The client has a good career with exceptional preventative health care benefits.
D) The client lives in an affluent, clean, suburban community with access to many
health care facilities.
Ans: B
Feedback:
, In Healthy People 2020, the focus is to promote good health to all (such as using
alternative therapies to minimize effects of stress); achieving health equity and
promoting health for all (which includes having good health care benefits); and
promoting good health (which includes living in a clean community with good
access to health care). A client's noncompliance with treatments to control high
cholesterol levels within the presence of a family history of CV disease does not
meet the “attaining lives free of preventable disease and premature death”
determinant.
3. A physician is providing care for a number of patients on a medical unit of a large,
university hospital. The physician is discussing with a colleague the differentiation
between diseases that are caused by abnormal molecules and diseases that
cause disease. Which of the following patients most clearly demonstrates the
consequences of molecules that cause disease?
A) A 31-year-old woman with sickle cell anemia who is receiving a transfusion of
packed red blood cells
B) A 91-year-old woman who has experienced an ischemic stroke resulting from
familial hypercholesterolemia
C) A 19-year-old man with exacerbation of his cystic fibrosis requiring oxygen
therapy and chest physiotherapy
D) A 30-year-old homeless man who has Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP)
and is HIV positive.
Ans: D
Feedback:
PCP is an example of the effect of a molecule that directly contributes to disease.
Sickle cell anemia, familial hypercholesterolemia, and cystic fibrosis are all
examples of the effects of abnormal molecules.
4. A member of the health care team is researching the etiology and pathogenesis of
a number of clients who are under his care in a hospital context. Which of the
following aspects of clients' situations bNest chSaraNctGerTizBes
paOthMogenesis rather than etiology? A) A client who has been exposed to the
Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacterium
B) A client who has increasing serum ammonia levels due to liver cirrhosis
C) A client who was admitted with the effects of methyl alcohol poisoning
D) A client with multiple skeletal injuries secondary to a motor vehicle accident
Ans: B Feedback:
Pathogenesis refers to the progressive and evolutionary course of disease, such
as the increasing ammonia levels that accompany liver disease. Bacteria,
poisons, and traumatic injuries are examples of etiologic factors.
5. A new myocardial infarction patient requiring angioplasty and stent placement
has arrived to his first cardiac rehabilitation appointment. In this first session, a
, review of the pathogenesis of coronary artery disease is addressed. Which
statement by the patient verifies to the nurse that he has understood the nurse's
teachings about coronary artery disease?
A) “All I have to do is stop smoking, and then I won't have any more heart attacks.”
B) “My artery was clogged by fat, so I will need to stop eating fatty foods like
French fries every day.”
C) “Sounds like this began because of inflammation inside my artery that made it
easy to form fatty streaks, which lead to my clogged artery.”
D) “If I do not exercise regularly to get my heart rate up, blood pools in the veins
causing a clot that stops blood flow to the muscle, and I will have a heart
attack.”
Ans: C
Feedback:
The true etiology/cause of coronary artery disease (CAD) is unknown; however, the
pathogenesis of the disorder relates to the progression of the inflammatory
process from a fatty streak to the occlusive vessel lesion seen in people with
coronary artery disease. Risk factors for CAD revolve around cigarette smoking,
diet high in fat, and lack of exercise.
6. A 77-year-old man is a hospital inpatient admitted for exacerbation of his chronic
obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and a respiratory therapist (RT) is
assessing the client for the first time. Which of theIfolGloTwin.gCaOspMects of
the patient's current state of health would be best characterized as a symptom
rather than a sign? A) The patient's oxygen saturation is 83% by pulse oxymetry.
B) The patient notes that he has increased work of breathing when lying supine.
C) The RT hears diminished breath sounds to the patient's lower lung fields
bilaterally.
D) The patient's respiratory rate is 31 breaths/minute. Ans: B Feedback:
Symptoms are subjective complaints by the person experiencing the health
problem, such as complaints of breathing difficulty. Oxygen levels, listening to
breath sounds, and respiratory rate are all objective, observable signs of
disease.
7. Which of the following situations would be classified as a complication of a
s2 s2 s2 s2 s2 s2 s2 s2 s2 s2 s2 s2
disease
s2
or outcome from the treatment regimen? Select all that apply.
s2 s2 s2 s2 s2 s2 s2 s2 s2 s2
A) Massive pulmonary emboli following diagnosis of new-onset atrial
s2 s2 s2 s2 s2 s2 s2
fibrillation
s2
B) Burning, intense incision pain following surgery to remove a portion of
s2 s2 s2 s2 s2 s2 s2 s2 s2 s2
colon s2
due to intestinal aganglionosis
s2 s2 s2 s2
C) Development of pulmonary fibrosis following treatment with bleomycin,
s2 s2 s2 s2 s2 s2 s2
