MSP I Exam 1 Study Guide
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_gk2gjt
1. Myositis Inflammation of muscles, often autoimmune or infectious.
2. Inclusion Body Myosi- Common form of myositis with specific muscle inflammation.
tis (IBM)
3. Dermatomyositis Myositis with skin involvement, characterized by rash.
(DM)
4. Polymyositis (PM) Myositis affecting multiple muscle groups, causing weakness.
5. Signs of Myositis Swelling, tenderness, fever, lethargy, muscle pain.
6. Strain Tear of tendinous structures around a joint.
7. Sprain Tear of ligamentous structures around a joint.
8. Grade I Sprain Minor tearing, minimal swelling, no strength loss.
9. Grade II Sprain Partial tearing, moderate pain, and swelling present.
10. Grade III Sprain Complete tear, requires surgical repair, severe dysfunction.
11. Cell Death Occurs via apoptosis or necrosis processes.
12. Apoptosis Programmed cell death, genetically mediated process.
13. Necrosis Active degradation of dead cells, pathological process.
14. Ischemia Lack of blood supply, causing tissue oxygen deprivation.
15. physiological cause of less fibrinogen in extracellular matrix, microadhesions accumulate, colla-
stiffness gen increases cross-links
16. Hypoxia Partial oxygen deficiency in tissues.
17. Anoxia Total oxygen deprivation in tissues.
, MSP I Exam 1 Study Guide
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_gk2gjt
18. Infectious Agents Microorganisms causing cell injury and degradation.
19. Immune Reactions Immune system mechanisms leading to cell injury.
20. Exotoxins Toxins released by bacteria causing cell lysis.
21. Endotoxins Toxins within bacteria causing inflammatory responses.
22. Cell Injury Causes Ischemia, infectious agents, immune reactions.
23. Localized Hemor- Bleeding in a specific area due to injury.
rhaging
24. Neutrophils White blood cells that respond to infection.
25. Macrophages Large cells that engulf pathogens and debris.
26. T lymphocytes White blood cells involved in immune response.
27. B lymphocytes Cells that produce antibodies against antigens.
28. Mast cells Cells that release histamine during allergic reactions.
29. Basophils White blood cells that release histamine and heparin.
30. Genetic Factors Alterations in genes affecting health and disease.
31. Chromosomal alter- Changes in chromosome structure or number.
ations
32. Single gene muta- Mutations affecting protein function or amount.
tions
33. Multifactorial disor- Disorders from gene-environment interactions.
ders
, MSP I Exam 1 Study Guide
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_gk2gjt
34. Nutritional deficien- Lack of essential nutrients affecting health.
cies
35. Iron deficiency ane- Condition caused by insufficient iron levels.
mia
36. Free radicals Reactive molecules causing cellular damage.
37. Physical agents Extreme conditions damaging cells, like temperature.
38. Mechanical stress re- Cellular adaptations to physical stress.
sponse
39. Chemical injury Cell damage caused by toxic substances.
40. Necrosis Cell death due to inability to adapt.
41. Reversible cell injury Temporary damage allowing recovery after stress removal.
42. Adaptive cell injury Stable changes allowing function under stress.
43. Hypertrophy Increase in cell size due to demand.
44. Hyperplasia Increase in cell number leading to organ enlargement.
45. Metaplasia Reversible change in cell type due to stress.
46. Dysplasia Abnormal cell growth indicating potential malignancy.
47. Metaplasia Conversion of one adult cell type into another.
48. Ciliated Pseudostrati- Respiratory epithelium type, aids in mucus clearance.
fied Columnar Epithe-
lium
, MSP I Exam 1 Study Guide
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_gk2gjt
49. Stratified Squamous Protective tissue, replaces ciliated cells in smokers.
Epithelium
50. Dysplasia Increased cell number with altered morphology.
51. Preneoplastic Alter- Changes indicating potential progression to cancer.
ation
52. Hyperplasia Increase in cell number due to injury.
53. Acute Inflammation Immediate response to injury, involves immune cells.
54. Platelets Cell fragments crucial for blood clotting.
55. Neutrophils White blood cells fighting infections.
56. Mono- Immune cells that engulf pathogens.
cyte/Macrophages
57. Fibrocytes/Fibrob- Cells producing collagen and extracellular matrix.
lasts
58. Endothelial Cells Cells lining blood vessels.
59. Osteoporosis Chronic disease with low bone mass.
60. Bone Resorption Process of bone tissue breakdown.
61. Bone Deposition Process of new bone formation.
62. Osteopenia Lower than normal bone mass, risk for osteoporosis.
63. Osteoarthritis Degenerative joint disease affecting cartilage.
64. Joint Space Narrow- Reduction in space between bones in a joint.
ing
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_gk2gjt
1. Myositis Inflammation of muscles, often autoimmune or infectious.
2. Inclusion Body Myosi- Common form of myositis with specific muscle inflammation.
tis (IBM)
3. Dermatomyositis Myositis with skin involvement, characterized by rash.
(DM)
4. Polymyositis (PM) Myositis affecting multiple muscle groups, causing weakness.
5. Signs of Myositis Swelling, tenderness, fever, lethargy, muscle pain.
6. Strain Tear of tendinous structures around a joint.
7. Sprain Tear of ligamentous structures around a joint.
8. Grade I Sprain Minor tearing, minimal swelling, no strength loss.
9. Grade II Sprain Partial tearing, moderate pain, and swelling present.
10. Grade III Sprain Complete tear, requires surgical repair, severe dysfunction.
11. Cell Death Occurs via apoptosis or necrosis processes.
12. Apoptosis Programmed cell death, genetically mediated process.
13. Necrosis Active degradation of dead cells, pathological process.
14. Ischemia Lack of blood supply, causing tissue oxygen deprivation.
15. physiological cause of less fibrinogen in extracellular matrix, microadhesions accumulate, colla-
stiffness gen increases cross-links
16. Hypoxia Partial oxygen deficiency in tissues.
17. Anoxia Total oxygen deprivation in tissues.
, MSP I Exam 1 Study Guide
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_gk2gjt
18. Infectious Agents Microorganisms causing cell injury and degradation.
19. Immune Reactions Immune system mechanisms leading to cell injury.
20. Exotoxins Toxins released by bacteria causing cell lysis.
21. Endotoxins Toxins within bacteria causing inflammatory responses.
22. Cell Injury Causes Ischemia, infectious agents, immune reactions.
23. Localized Hemor- Bleeding in a specific area due to injury.
rhaging
24. Neutrophils White blood cells that respond to infection.
25. Macrophages Large cells that engulf pathogens and debris.
26. T lymphocytes White blood cells involved in immune response.
27. B lymphocytes Cells that produce antibodies against antigens.
28. Mast cells Cells that release histamine during allergic reactions.
29. Basophils White blood cells that release histamine and heparin.
30. Genetic Factors Alterations in genes affecting health and disease.
31. Chromosomal alter- Changes in chromosome structure or number.
ations
32. Single gene muta- Mutations affecting protein function or amount.
tions
33. Multifactorial disor- Disorders from gene-environment interactions.
ders
, MSP I Exam 1 Study Guide
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_gk2gjt
34. Nutritional deficien- Lack of essential nutrients affecting health.
cies
35. Iron deficiency ane- Condition caused by insufficient iron levels.
mia
36. Free radicals Reactive molecules causing cellular damage.
37. Physical agents Extreme conditions damaging cells, like temperature.
38. Mechanical stress re- Cellular adaptations to physical stress.
sponse
39. Chemical injury Cell damage caused by toxic substances.
40. Necrosis Cell death due to inability to adapt.
41. Reversible cell injury Temporary damage allowing recovery after stress removal.
42. Adaptive cell injury Stable changes allowing function under stress.
43. Hypertrophy Increase in cell size due to demand.
44. Hyperplasia Increase in cell number leading to organ enlargement.
45. Metaplasia Reversible change in cell type due to stress.
46. Dysplasia Abnormal cell growth indicating potential malignancy.
47. Metaplasia Conversion of one adult cell type into another.
48. Ciliated Pseudostrati- Respiratory epithelium type, aids in mucus clearance.
fied Columnar Epithe-
lium
, MSP I Exam 1 Study Guide
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_gk2gjt
49. Stratified Squamous Protective tissue, replaces ciliated cells in smokers.
Epithelium
50. Dysplasia Increased cell number with altered morphology.
51. Preneoplastic Alter- Changes indicating potential progression to cancer.
ation
52. Hyperplasia Increase in cell number due to injury.
53. Acute Inflammation Immediate response to injury, involves immune cells.
54. Platelets Cell fragments crucial for blood clotting.
55. Neutrophils White blood cells fighting infections.
56. Mono- Immune cells that engulf pathogens.
cyte/Macrophages
57. Fibrocytes/Fibrob- Cells producing collagen and extracellular matrix.
lasts
58. Endothelial Cells Cells lining blood vessels.
59. Osteoporosis Chronic disease with low bone mass.
60. Bone Resorption Process of bone tissue breakdown.
61. Bone Deposition Process of new bone formation.
62. Osteopenia Lower than normal bone mass, risk for osteoporosis.
63. Osteoarthritis Degenerative joint disease affecting cartilage.
64. Joint Space Narrow- Reduction in space between bones in a joint.
ing
