BSN Year 1 Pre-Nursing Final Exam Study Guide 2026/2027 UPDATE
1. Which organelle is primarily responsible for the production of
adenosine triphosphate (ATP) via aerobic respiration?
A. Lysosome
B. Golgi apparatus
C. Mitochondria
D. Ribosome
Answer: C
Rationale: Mitochondria are known as the powerhouses of the cell because they generate
most of the cell’s supply of ATP.
2. In the anatomical position, the thumb is described as being in which direction
relative to the little finger?
A. Medial
B. Distal
C. Proximal
D. Lateral
Answer: D
Rationale: In anatomical position (palms facing forward), the thumb is further away from
the midline of the body, making it lateral.
,3. Which process involves the movement of water across a semi-permeable
membrane from an area of low solute concentration to high solute
concentration?
A. Active transport
B. Facilitated diffusion
C. Osmosis
D. Filtration
Answer: C
Rationale: Osmosis is specifically the diffusion of water across a selectively permeable
membrane to equalize solute concentrations.
4. Which of the following pH values represents a solution that is considered
weakly acidic?
A. pH 6.0
B. pH 2.0
C. pH 8.0
D. pH 13.0
Answer: A
Rationale: The pH scale ranges from 0-14. 7 is neutral; values below 7 are acidic. 6 is close
to neutral, making it weakly acidic.
5. Which type of tissue is responsible for sending electrical signals throughout
the body?
A. Epithelial tissue
B. Connective tissue
C. Nervous tissue
D. Muscle tissue
Answer: C
, Rationale: Nervous tissue is specialized for communication through electrical impulses
involving neurons.
6. According to Erikson’s stages of psychosocial development, what is the
primary conflict for infants (0-1 year)?
A. Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt
B. Initiative vs. Guilt
C. Trust vs. Mistrust
D. Industry vs. Inferiority
Answer: C
Rationale: Infants learn to trust their caregivers based on the consistency and quality of
care provided.
7. What is the master gland of the endocrine system that regulates other
glands?
A. Thyroid gland
B. Adrenal gland
C. Pancreas
D. Pituitary gland
Answer: D
Rationale: The pituitary gland secretes hormones that control the functions of many other
endocrine glands.
8. In the nursing process (ADPIE), which step involves the systematic collection
of patient data?
A. Planning
B. Diagnosis
C. Assessment
D. Implementation
Answer: C
1. Which organelle is primarily responsible for the production of
adenosine triphosphate (ATP) via aerobic respiration?
A. Lysosome
B. Golgi apparatus
C. Mitochondria
D. Ribosome
Answer: C
Rationale: Mitochondria are known as the powerhouses of the cell because they generate
most of the cell’s supply of ATP.
2. In the anatomical position, the thumb is described as being in which direction
relative to the little finger?
A. Medial
B. Distal
C. Proximal
D. Lateral
Answer: D
Rationale: In anatomical position (palms facing forward), the thumb is further away from
the midline of the body, making it lateral.
,3. Which process involves the movement of water across a semi-permeable
membrane from an area of low solute concentration to high solute
concentration?
A. Active transport
B. Facilitated diffusion
C. Osmosis
D. Filtration
Answer: C
Rationale: Osmosis is specifically the diffusion of water across a selectively permeable
membrane to equalize solute concentrations.
4. Which of the following pH values represents a solution that is considered
weakly acidic?
A. pH 6.0
B. pH 2.0
C. pH 8.0
D. pH 13.0
Answer: A
Rationale: The pH scale ranges from 0-14. 7 is neutral; values below 7 are acidic. 6 is close
to neutral, making it weakly acidic.
5. Which type of tissue is responsible for sending electrical signals throughout
the body?
A. Epithelial tissue
B. Connective tissue
C. Nervous tissue
D. Muscle tissue
Answer: C
, Rationale: Nervous tissue is specialized for communication through electrical impulses
involving neurons.
6. According to Erikson’s stages of psychosocial development, what is the
primary conflict for infants (0-1 year)?
A. Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt
B. Initiative vs. Guilt
C. Trust vs. Mistrust
D. Industry vs. Inferiority
Answer: C
Rationale: Infants learn to trust their caregivers based on the consistency and quality of
care provided.
7. What is the master gland of the endocrine system that regulates other
glands?
A. Thyroid gland
B. Adrenal gland
C. Pancreas
D. Pituitary gland
Answer: D
Rationale: The pituitary gland secretes hormones that control the functions of many other
endocrine glands.
8. In the nursing process (ADPIE), which step involves the systematic collection
of patient data?
A. Planning
B. Diagnosis
C. Assessment
D. Implementation
Answer: C
