BIOL 235 Midterm 2 Test Exam Questions And
Answers Verified 100% Correct
What type of neurglia cells are cuboidal and columanr arranged in a single layer
that possess microvilli and cilia? they produce and possibly monitor and assist in
the circulation of CSF - ANSWER -Ependymal Cells
What are the 2 types of neuroglia in the PNS? - ANSWER -Schwann and satellite
cells
What type of motor neuron directly supplies skeletal muscle fibers? - ANSWER -
lower motor neurons
What do all of these factors contribute to?
1. unequal distribution of ions in the ECF and cytosol
2. inability of most anions to leave the cells
3. electrogenic nature of the sodium potassium ATPases - ANSWER -Resting
membrane potential
Hyperpolarized cells are _______ negative inside ? - ANSWER -More
What mode of travel by which graded potentials die out as they spread along the
membrane ? - ANSWER -decremental conduction
What kind of ion channels are found in nearly all cells, including dendrites, cell
bodies, and axons of all types of neurons? - ANSWER -Leak channels
What kind of ion channel can be found in pain receptors? - ANSWER -
mechanically-gated channels
What refractory period causes voltage gated sodium channel activation gates are
open as well as the voltage gated potassium channels are opening and then sodium
channels are inactivating? - ANSWER -absolute refractory period
Sodium channels are ______ and potassium channels are ________ during the
relative refractory period ? - ANSWER -closed, open
, What do we classify based on amount of myelination, diameters, and propagation
speeds? - ANSWER -Nerve fibers
What is the largest nerve fiber? - ANSWER -A fibers
What do you call a synapse that goes from an axon to cell body? - ANSWER -
axosomatic
What do you call a synapse between 2 axons? - ANSWER -axoaxonic
Synchronization and faster communications are advantages of what? - ANSWER
-electrical synapses
Voltage gated channels are located on which synaptic neuron? - ANSWER -the
presynaptic neuron
An ISPS is a __________________potential - ANSWER -hyperpoalrizing
What kind of receptor contain a NT binding site and an ion channel from the same
protein? - ANSWER -Ionotropic receptor
What are the 2 types of neurotransmitters? - ANSWER -small-molecule NT &
neuropeptide
after an injury to a process of a normal peripheral neuron the nissel bodies break
down into fine granular masses, what is this called? - ANSWER -chromatolysis
The _____________________ is the space between the dura mater and the wall of
the vertebral canal - ANSWER -epidural space
What are the sub layers of the meninges? - ANSWER -subdural space and
subarachnoid space
What part of the spinal cord contains somatic motor nuclei which provide nerve
impulses for contraction of skeletal muscles? - ANSWER -the anterior (ventral)
gray horns
Which gray horns contain autonomic motor nuclei which regulate activity of
cardiac and smooth muscle as well as glands? - ANSWER -the lateral gray horns
, Dermatomes are areas of skin that provide sensory input to the CNS via the
posterior roots of one pair of spinal nerves via the __________ nerve. - ANSWER
-trigeminal (V)
direct motor pathways cause _________ movements - ANSWER -voluntary
What are the 5 parts of a reflex arc? - ANSWER -1. sensory receptor
2. sensory neruon
3. integrating center
4. motor neuron
5. effector
What do you call an arrangement where sensiry nerve impulses enter the spinal
cord on the same side from which the motor nerve impulses leave it? - ANSWER -
Ipsilateral reflex
What reflex operates as a feedback mechanism to control muscle tension by
causing muscle relaxation - ANSWER -tendon reflex
What are these the functions of ?
1. mechanical protection
2. homeostatic function
3. circulation - ANSWER -Cerebrospinal fluid
What do the medulla oblongata, pons, midbrain, and the reticular formation make
up? - ANSWER -The brain stem
What carries out these functions?
-control of the ANS
-production of hormones
-regulation of emotion and behavioral patterns and eating and drinking
- control of body temp
-regulation of circadian rhythms and states of consciousness - ANSWER -the
dicephalon which consists of the thalamus and the hypothalamus
the pineal gland is part of the ___________ system - ANSWER -endocrine
Answers Verified 100% Correct
What type of neurglia cells are cuboidal and columanr arranged in a single layer
that possess microvilli and cilia? they produce and possibly monitor and assist in
the circulation of CSF - ANSWER -Ependymal Cells
What are the 2 types of neuroglia in the PNS? - ANSWER -Schwann and satellite
cells
What type of motor neuron directly supplies skeletal muscle fibers? - ANSWER -
lower motor neurons
What do all of these factors contribute to?
1. unequal distribution of ions in the ECF and cytosol
2. inability of most anions to leave the cells
3. electrogenic nature of the sodium potassium ATPases - ANSWER -Resting
membrane potential
Hyperpolarized cells are _______ negative inside ? - ANSWER -More
What mode of travel by which graded potentials die out as they spread along the
membrane ? - ANSWER -decremental conduction
What kind of ion channels are found in nearly all cells, including dendrites, cell
bodies, and axons of all types of neurons? - ANSWER -Leak channels
What kind of ion channel can be found in pain receptors? - ANSWER -
mechanically-gated channels
What refractory period causes voltage gated sodium channel activation gates are
open as well as the voltage gated potassium channels are opening and then sodium
channels are inactivating? - ANSWER -absolute refractory period
Sodium channels are ______ and potassium channels are ________ during the
relative refractory period ? - ANSWER -closed, open
, What do we classify based on amount of myelination, diameters, and propagation
speeds? - ANSWER -Nerve fibers
What is the largest nerve fiber? - ANSWER -A fibers
What do you call a synapse that goes from an axon to cell body? - ANSWER -
axosomatic
What do you call a synapse between 2 axons? - ANSWER -axoaxonic
Synchronization and faster communications are advantages of what? - ANSWER
-electrical synapses
Voltage gated channels are located on which synaptic neuron? - ANSWER -the
presynaptic neuron
An ISPS is a __________________potential - ANSWER -hyperpoalrizing
What kind of receptor contain a NT binding site and an ion channel from the same
protein? - ANSWER -Ionotropic receptor
What are the 2 types of neurotransmitters? - ANSWER -small-molecule NT &
neuropeptide
after an injury to a process of a normal peripheral neuron the nissel bodies break
down into fine granular masses, what is this called? - ANSWER -chromatolysis
The _____________________ is the space between the dura mater and the wall of
the vertebral canal - ANSWER -epidural space
What are the sub layers of the meninges? - ANSWER -subdural space and
subarachnoid space
What part of the spinal cord contains somatic motor nuclei which provide nerve
impulses for contraction of skeletal muscles? - ANSWER -the anterior (ventral)
gray horns
Which gray horns contain autonomic motor nuclei which regulate activity of
cardiac and smooth muscle as well as glands? - ANSWER -the lateral gray horns
, Dermatomes are areas of skin that provide sensory input to the CNS via the
posterior roots of one pair of spinal nerves via the __________ nerve. - ANSWER
-trigeminal (V)
direct motor pathways cause _________ movements - ANSWER -voluntary
What are the 5 parts of a reflex arc? - ANSWER -1. sensory receptor
2. sensory neruon
3. integrating center
4. motor neuron
5. effector
What do you call an arrangement where sensiry nerve impulses enter the spinal
cord on the same side from which the motor nerve impulses leave it? - ANSWER -
Ipsilateral reflex
What reflex operates as a feedback mechanism to control muscle tension by
causing muscle relaxation - ANSWER -tendon reflex
What are these the functions of ?
1. mechanical protection
2. homeostatic function
3. circulation - ANSWER -Cerebrospinal fluid
What do the medulla oblongata, pons, midbrain, and the reticular formation make
up? - ANSWER -The brain stem
What carries out these functions?
-control of the ANS
-production of hormones
-regulation of emotion and behavioral patterns and eating and drinking
- control of body temp
-regulation of circadian rhythms and states of consciousness - ANSWER -the
dicephalon which consists of the thalamus and the hypothalamus
the pineal gland is part of the ___________ system - ANSWER -endocrine
