Exam 1 Unit 2 :NSG 3250 Adult Health I Exam 1 Unit 2: A + Score Solution: Updated

Diabetes: o A group of diseases characterized by hyperglycemia caused by defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both o Affects nearly 25.8 million people in the United States; one third of the cases are undiagnosed o Prevalence is increasing o Minority populations and older adults are disproportionately affected • Risk Factors o Type 1: (AUTOIMMUNE DISEASE – CANNOT PRODUCE INSULIN) earlyonset, familial, genetic predisposition, possible immunologic or environmental (viral or toxins) factors o Type 2: (INSULIN RESISTANCE) Family history of diabetes (e.g., parents or siblings with diabetes) Obesity (i.e., ≥20% over desired body weight or body mass index ≥30 kg/m2 (25)) Sedentary lifestyle and hypertension GREATEST RISK ONE WITH MORE RISK FACTORS Race/ethnicity (e.g., African Americans, Hispanic Americans, Native Americans, Asian Americans, Pacific Islanders) Age equal to or greater than 45 years Previously identified impaired fasting glucose or impaired glucose tolerance Hypertension (≥140/90 mm Hg) High-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol level ≤35 mg/dL (0.90 mmol/L) and/or triglyceride level ≥250 mg/dL (2.8 mmol/L) History of gestational diabetes or delivery of a baby over 9 lb • Functions of Insulin o Transports and metabolizes glucose for energy o Stimulates storage of glucose in the liver and muscle as glycogen o Signals the liver to stop the release of glucose o Enhances storage of dietary fat in adipose tissue o Accelerates