NSG 120 Pathophysiology Final Exam Study Guide 2026 |
Herzing University | Latest Update | Most Tested Questions
& Verified Answers | Graded A+
1. A patient is diagnosed with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Which
combination of symptoms would you expect to find in this patient based on
the diseases included in COPD?
Nausea and vomiting
Sudden chest pain and rapid heartbeat
Chronic cough, shortness of breath, and wheezing
High fever and chills
2. The clinic nurse is caring for a client diagnosed with leukopenia. What does
the nurse know this client has?
A general reduction in neutrophils and basophils
A decrease in granulocytes
Too many erythrocytes
A general reduction in all white blood cells
3. Describe the physiological changes that occur in the heart during atrial
flutter.
During atrial flutter, the heart stops beating altogether.
During atrial flutter, the heart rhythm becomes completely regular.
During atrial flutter, the ventricles contract more slowly than normal.
During atrial flutter, the atria contract rapidly, leading to inefficient
blood flow and potential complications such as blood clots.
,4. Describe the RICE method and its importance in managing an ankle sprain.
The RICE method is a type of medication for pain relief.
The RICE method is used only for muscle injuries, not sprains.
The RICE method involves Rest, Ice, Compression, and Elevation to
reduce inflammation and promote healing.
The RICE method is a surgical procedure for severe sprains.
5. What is the definition of atrial fibrillation?
Atrial fibrillation is a condition characterized by a slow heart rate.
Atrial fibrillation is an irregular and often rapid heart rate that can
lead to various complications.
Atrial fibrillation is a congenital heart defect.
Atrial fibrillation is a type of heart valve disease.
6. Which two diseases are specifically included in the definition of chronic
obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)?
Asthma, Pneumonia
Asthma, Chronic bronchitis
Chronic bronchitis, Tuberculosis
Chronic bronchitis, Emphysema
7. Discuss how untreated sexually transmitted infections can impact overall
health.
Untreated STIs only affect reproductive health.
Untreated STIs have no significant impact on overall health.
, Untreated STIs improve overall health by building immunity.
Untreated STIs can lead to serious health complications, including
an increased risk of contracting HIV.
8. If a nurse is assessing a group of clients for osteoporosis risk, which client
profile would indicate the highest risk based on age and lifestyle factors?
A 65-year-old woman who is sedentary and has a family history of
osteoporosis.
A 50-year-old woman who is active and has a balanced diet.
A 40-year-old man who smokes but is physically active.
A 30-year-old man who exercises regularly and has no family history.
9. A 24-year-old HIV-positive patient presents with photophobia and a
temperature of 103.2. He complains of a headache. On exam, he is unable to
demonstrate full extension of the knee when his hip is flexed. Which choice
below is the most likely diagnosis?
Pneumocystitis infection
Septic arthritis
Septic bursitis
Meningitis
10. The nurse is conducting health screening for osteoporosis. Which client is at
greatest risk of developing this problem?
A 36-year-old client who has asthma
A 70-year-old client who consumes excess alcohol
A 25 year old client who runs
A sedentary 65-year-old client who smokes cigarettes
, 11. A patient presents with symptoms of confusion and seizures. After testing,
they are diagnosed with SIDAH. What would be the most appropriate initial
nursing intervention?
Monitor the patient's serum sodium levels closely.
Administer a diuretic to promote fluid loss.
Increase the patient's fluid intake to prevent dehydration.
Restrict the patient's sodium intake to manage symptoms.
12. Which of the following is/are signs of a myocardial infarction?
Squeezing sensation in the chest
Pain in the chest that may radiate to the arm
Difficulty breathing
Sweating / perspiration
All of the above
13. Describe the typical signs and symptoms that indicate a minor injury.
Minor injuries do not require any treatment.
Minor injuries always result in fractures or breaks.
Typical signs of a minor injury include localized pain, swelling, and
bruising.
Minor injuries are characterized by systemic symptoms like fever.
14. What is your explanation to the parents who do not want to give their child
insulin injections to treat type 1 diabetes because they have heard that pills
can be used to treat this condition?
Herzing University | Latest Update | Most Tested Questions
& Verified Answers | Graded A+
1. A patient is diagnosed with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Which
combination of symptoms would you expect to find in this patient based on
the diseases included in COPD?
Nausea and vomiting
Sudden chest pain and rapid heartbeat
Chronic cough, shortness of breath, and wheezing
High fever and chills
2. The clinic nurse is caring for a client diagnosed with leukopenia. What does
the nurse know this client has?
A general reduction in neutrophils and basophils
A decrease in granulocytes
Too many erythrocytes
A general reduction in all white blood cells
3. Describe the physiological changes that occur in the heart during atrial
flutter.
During atrial flutter, the heart stops beating altogether.
During atrial flutter, the heart rhythm becomes completely regular.
During atrial flutter, the ventricles contract more slowly than normal.
During atrial flutter, the atria contract rapidly, leading to inefficient
blood flow and potential complications such as blood clots.
,4. Describe the RICE method and its importance in managing an ankle sprain.
The RICE method is a type of medication for pain relief.
The RICE method is used only for muscle injuries, not sprains.
The RICE method involves Rest, Ice, Compression, and Elevation to
reduce inflammation and promote healing.
The RICE method is a surgical procedure for severe sprains.
5. What is the definition of atrial fibrillation?
Atrial fibrillation is a condition characterized by a slow heart rate.
Atrial fibrillation is an irregular and often rapid heart rate that can
lead to various complications.
Atrial fibrillation is a congenital heart defect.
Atrial fibrillation is a type of heart valve disease.
6. Which two diseases are specifically included in the definition of chronic
obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)?
Asthma, Pneumonia
Asthma, Chronic bronchitis
Chronic bronchitis, Tuberculosis
Chronic bronchitis, Emphysema
7. Discuss how untreated sexually transmitted infections can impact overall
health.
Untreated STIs only affect reproductive health.
Untreated STIs have no significant impact on overall health.
, Untreated STIs improve overall health by building immunity.
Untreated STIs can lead to serious health complications, including
an increased risk of contracting HIV.
8. If a nurse is assessing a group of clients for osteoporosis risk, which client
profile would indicate the highest risk based on age and lifestyle factors?
A 65-year-old woman who is sedentary and has a family history of
osteoporosis.
A 50-year-old woman who is active and has a balanced diet.
A 40-year-old man who smokes but is physically active.
A 30-year-old man who exercises regularly and has no family history.
9. A 24-year-old HIV-positive patient presents with photophobia and a
temperature of 103.2. He complains of a headache. On exam, he is unable to
demonstrate full extension of the knee when his hip is flexed. Which choice
below is the most likely diagnosis?
Pneumocystitis infection
Septic arthritis
Septic bursitis
Meningitis
10. The nurse is conducting health screening for osteoporosis. Which client is at
greatest risk of developing this problem?
A 36-year-old client who has asthma
A 70-year-old client who consumes excess alcohol
A 25 year old client who runs
A sedentary 65-year-old client who smokes cigarettes
, 11. A patient presents with symptoms of confusion and seizures. After testing,
they are diagnosed with SIDAH. What would be the most appropriate initial
nursing intervention?
Monitor the patient's serum sodium levels closely.
Administer a diuretic to promote fluid loss.
Increase the patient's fluid intake to prevent dehydration.
Restrict the patient's sodium intake to manage symptoms.
12. Which of the following is/are signs of a myocardial infarction?
Squeezing sensation in the chest
Pain in the chest that may radiate to the arm
Difficulty breathing
Sweating / perspiration
All of the above
13. Describe the typical signs and symptoms that indicate a minor injury.
Minor injuries do not require any treatment.
Minor injuries always result in fractures or breaks.
Typical signs of a minor injury include localized pain, swelling, and
bruising.
Minor injuries are characterized by systemic symptoms like fever.
14. What is your explanation to the parents who do not want to give their child
insulin injections to treat type 1 diabetes because they have heard that pills
can be used to treat this condition?
