Page 1 of 78
ANTIMICROBIALS (PHARM I EXAM 1) WITH
CORRECT ANSWERS,RATIONALES NEWEST
2026 EXAM VERIFIED 100 %
Multiple Choice Antimicrobials (Pharm I Exam 1)
The nurse caring for a client who is taking an aminoglycoside should monitor
the client for which adverse effects of the medication? Select all that apply.
A. Seizures
B. Ototoxicity
C. Renal toxicity
D. Dysrhythmias
E. Hepatotoxicity
B,C,D. Aminoglycosides are administered to inhibit the growth of bacteria. Adverse
effects of this medication include confusion, ototoxicity, renal toxicity, gastrointestinal
irritation, palpitations or dysrhythmias, blood pressure changes, and hypersensitivity
reactions. Therefore, the remaining options are incorrect.
The nurse is caring for a client who has been taking a sulfonamide and should
monitor for signs and symptoms of which adverse effects of the medication?
Select all that apply.
A. Ototoxicity
B. Palpitations
C. Nephrotoxicity
D. Bone marrow suppression
E. Gastrointestinal (GI) effects
F. Increased white blood cell (WBC) count
, Page 2 of 78
C,D,E. Adverse effects of sulfonamides include nephrotoxicity, bone marrow
suppression, GI effects, hepatotoxicity, dermatological effects, and some
neurological symptoms, including headache, dizziness, vertigo, ataxia, depression,
and seizures.
A client who is human immunodeficiency virus seropositive has been taking
stavudine. The nurse should monitor which most closely while the client is
taking this medication?
A. Gait
B. Appetite
C. Level of consciousness
D. Gastrointestinal function
A. Stavudine is an antiretroviral used to manage human immunodeficiency virus
infection in clients who do not respond to or who cannot tolerate conventional
therapy. The medication can cause peripheral neuropathy, and the nurse should
monitor the client's gait closely and ask the client about paresthesia.
The client with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) has been
prescribed raltegravir. The nurse determines that the client may be
experiencing an adverse effect related to this medication if which assessment
finding is noted?
A. Insomnia
B. Dizziness
C. Indigestion and belching
D. Temperature of 101.2°F (38.4°C)
D. Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome is a viral disease caused by the human
immunodeficiency virus (HIV), which destroys T cells, thereby increasing
susceptibility to infection and malignancy. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) can
cause acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, which is a viral disease that destroys T
cells, thereby increasing susceptibility to infection and malignancy. Raltegravir is
classified as an integrase inhibitor and acts by inhibiting human immunodeficiency
virus (HIV) replication. Insomnia, dizziness, and indigestion are some side effects of
the mediation. A temperature of 101.2°F is indicative of potential opportunistic
infection, which is an adverse effect of this medication.
An aminoglycoside, given by intermittent intravenous infusion, is prescribed
for a client with an infection. Which finding would indicate to the nurse that the
, Page 3 of 78
client is experiencing an adverse effect of the medication?
A. Bradycardia
B. Difficulty hearing
C. Increased appetite
D. Weakness and drowsiness
B. All aminoglycosides are capable of causing renal toxicity, vestibular and auditory
toxicity. When aminoglycoside levels in the body exceed the normal, this can lead to
different adverse effects that cannot be reversed or even fatal. Symptoms of kidney
toxicity are decreased urine output, increased thirst, tachycardia or elevated heart
rate, decreased appetite, and dizziness. Symptoms of ototoxicity include loss of
hearing, dizziness or unsteadiness, ear fullness, lightheadedness and extreme
sensitivity to head movements. Weakness and drowsiness are associated with
infection but do not indicate an adverse effect.
The nurse is providing discharge instructions to the mother of a child who has
been prescribed tetracycline hydrochloride. The nurse stresses to the mother
the importance of which measure in giving this medication to the child?
A. Give the medication with milk.
B. Use a straw when giving the medication. C. Give the medication with
chocolate milk. D. Dilute the medication with water in a Styrofoam cup.
B. Tetracycline is an antibiotic. Because tetracycline can cause permanent staining
of the teeth, a straw should be used, and the mouth should be rinsed after
administration. The medication should be administered 1 hour before or 2 hours after
the consumption of milk. Diluting the medication with water is unnecessary.
A client with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome who is taking zidovudine
200 mg orally 3 times daily has severe neutropenia noted on follow-up
laboratory studies. The nurse interprets that which change is likely to occur at
this point?
A. The medication dose probably will be reduced.
B. Prednisone probably will be added to the medication regimen.
C. Epoetin alfa probably will be added to the medication regimen.
D. The medication probably will be discontinued until laboratory results
indicate bone marrow recovery.
D. Zidovudine is a nucleoside-nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitor.
Hematological monitoring should be done every 2 weeks in the client taking
, Page 4 of 78
zidovudine. If severe anemia or severe neutropenia develops, treatment should be
discontinued until evidence of bone marrow recovery is noted. If anemia or
neutropenia is mild, a reduction in dosage may be sufficient. The administration of
prednisone may further alter the immune function. Epoetin alfa is administered to
clients experiencing anemia.
A client who has been diagnosed with pneumonia has been given a
prescription for erythromycin. Client teaching about this medication should
include which best instruction?
A. Take the medication with juice.
B. Take the medication with a meal.
C. Take the medication on an empty stomach.
D. Take the medication at bedtime with a snack.
C. Erythrmycin is a macrolide antibiotic. Oral erythromycin should best be
administered on an empty stomach with a full glass of water (1 hour before or 2
hours following ingestion of food). Some preparations may be administered with food
if gastrointestinal upset occurs, but it is best to administer on an empty stomach.
Azithromycin has been prescribed for a client. The nurse should instruct the
client to take the medication in which way?
A. With meals
B. 1 hour before meals
C. With an aluminum-containing antacid
D. With a magnesium-containing antacid
B. Azithromycin is a macrolide antibiotic. It should be taken 1 hour before or 2 hours
after meals. It is not administered with meals, and it should not be taken with either
aluminum- or magnesium-containing antacids.
A client is receiving amoxicillin orally every 8 hours. Which finding would
indicate to the nurse that the client is experiencing a frequent minor side effect
related to the medication?
A. Fever
B. Vaginal drainage
C. Severe watery diarrhea
D. Severe abdominal cramps
B. Amoxicillin is a type of penicillin. Frequent minor side effects include
gastrointestinal disturbances, headache, and oral or vaginal candidiasis (perineal
ANTIMICROBIALS (PHARM I EXAM 1) WITH
CORRECT ANSWERS,RATIONALES NEWEST
2026 EXAM VERIFIED 100 %
Multiple Choice Antimicrobials (Pharm I Exam 1)
The nurse caring for a client who is taking an aminoglycoside should monitor
the client for which adverse effects of the medication? Select all that apply.
A. Seizures
B. Ototoxicity
C. Renal toxicity
D. Dysrhythmias
E. Hepatotoxicity
B,C,D. Aminoglycosides are administered to inhibit the growth of bacteria. Adverse
effects of this medication include confusion, ototoxicity, renal toxicity, gastrointestinal
irritation, palpitations or dysrhythmias, blood pressure changes, and hypersensitivity
reactions. Therefore, the remaining options are incorrect.
The nurse is caring for a client who has been taking a sulfonamide and should
monitor for signs and symptoms of which adverse effects of the medication?
Select all that apply.
A. Ototoxicity
B. Palpitations
C. Nephrotoxicity
D. Bone marrow suppression
E. Gastrointestinal (GI) effects
F. Increased white blood cell (WBC) count
, Page 2 of 78
C,D,E. Adverse effects of sulfonamides include nephrotoxicity, bone marrow
suppression, GI effects, hepatotoxicity, dermatological effects, and some
neurological symptoms, including headache, dizziness, vertigo, ataxia, depression,
and seizures.
A client who is human immunodeficiency virus seropositive has been taking
stavudine. The nurse should monitor which most closely while the client is
taking this medication?
A. Gait
B. Appetite
C. Level of consciousness
D. Gastrointestinal function
A. Stavudine is an antiretroviral used to manage human immunodeficiency virus
infection in clients who do not respond to or who cannot tolerate conventional
therapy. The medication can cause peripheral neuropathy, and the nurse should
monitor the client's gait closely and ask the client about paresthesia.
The client with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) has been
prescribed raltegravir. The nurse determines that the client may be
experiencing an adverse effect related to this medication if which assessment
finding is noted?
A. Insomnia
B. Dizziness
C. Indigestion and belching
D. Temperature of 101.2°F (38.4°C)
D. Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome is a viral disease caused by the human
immunodeficiency virus (HIV), which destroys T cells, thereby increasing
susceptibility to infection and malignancy. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) can
cause acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, which is a viral disease that destroys T
cells, thereby increasing susceptibility to infection and malignancy. Raltegravir is
classified as an integrase inhibitor and acts by inhibiting human immunodeficiency
virus (HIV) replication. Insomnia, dizziness, and indigestion are some side effects of
the mediation. A temperature of 101.2°F is indicative of potential opportunistic
infection, which is an adverse effect of this medication.
An aminoglycoside, given by intermittent intravenous infusion, is prescribed
for a client with an infection. Which finding would indicate to the nurse that the
, Page 3 of 78
client is experiencing an adverse effect of the medication?
A. Bradycardia
B. Difficulty hearing
C. Increased appetite
D. Weakness and drowsiness
B. All aminoglycosides are capable of causing renal toxicity, vestibular and auditory
toxicity. When aminoglycoside levels in the body exceed the normal, this can lead to
different adverse effects that cannot be reversed or even fatal. Symptoms of kidney
toxicity are decreased urine output, increased thirst, tachycardia or elevated heart
rate, decreased appetite, and dizziness. Symptoms of ototoxicity include loss of
hearing, dizziness or unsteadiness, ear fullness, lightheadedness and extreme
sensitivity to head movements. Weakness and drowsiness are associated with
infection but do not indicate an adverse effect.
The nurse is providing discharge instructions to the mother of a child who has
been prescribed tetracycline hydrochloride. The nurse stresses to the mother
the importance of which measure in giving this medication to the child?
A. Give the medication with milk.
B. Use a straw when giving the medication. C. Give the medication with
chocolate milk. D. Dilute the medication with water in a Styrofoam cup.
B. Tetracycline is an antibiotic. Because tetracycline can cause permanent staining
of the teeth, a straw should be used, and the mouth should be rinsed after
administration. The medication should be administered 1 hour before or 2 hours after
the consumption of milk. Diluting the medication with water is unnecessary.
A client with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome who is taking zidovudine
200 mg orally 3 times daily has severe neutropenia noted on follow-up
laboratory studies. The nurse interprets that which change is likely to occur at
this point?
A. The medication dose probably will be reduced.
B. Prednisone probably will be added to the medication regimen.
C. Epoetin alfa probably will be added to the medication regimen.
D. The medication probably will be discontinued until laboratory results
indicate bone marrow recovery.
D. Zidovudine is a nucleoside-nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitor.
Hematological monitoring should be done every 2 weeks in the client taking
, Page 4 of 78
zidovudine. If severe anemia or severe neutropenia develops, treatment should be
discontinued until evidence of bone marrow recovery is noted. If anemia or
neutropenia is mild, a reduction in dosage may be sufficient. The administration of
prednisone may further alter the immune function. Epoetin alfa is administered to
clients experiencing anemia.
A client who has been diagnosed with pneumonia has been given a
prescription for erythromycin. Client teaching about this medication should
include which best instruction?
A. Take the medication with juice.
B. Take the medication with a meal.
C. Take the medication on an empty stomach.
D. Take the medication at bedtime with a snack.
C. Erythrmycin is a macrolide antibiotic. Oral erythromycin should best be
administered on an empty stomach with a full glass of water (1 hour before or 2
hours following ingestion of food). Some preparations may be administered with food
if gastrointestinal upset occurs, but it is best to administer on an empty stomach.
Azithromycin has been prescribed for a client. The nurse should instruct the
client to take the medication in which way?
A. With meals
B. 1 hour before meals
C. With an aluminum-containing antacid
D. With a magnesium-containing antacid
B. Azithromycin is a macrolide antibiotic. It should be taken 1 hour before or 2 hours
after meals. It is not administered with meals, and it should not be taken with either
aluminum- or magnesium-containing antacids.
A client is receiving amoxicillin orally every 8 hours. Which finding would
indicate to the nurse that the client is experiencing a frequent minor side effect
related to the medication?
A. Fever
B. Vaginal drainage
C. Severe watery diarrhea
D. Severe abdominal cramps
B. Amoxicillin is a type of penicillin. Frequent minor side effects include
gastrointestinal disturbances, headache, and oral or vaginal candidiasis (perineal
