Arbeids- en organisatiepsychologie (1/2)
College 1
Opening
Carl Marx:
Marxism: theorizes that social conflict exists due to constant power struggles between
capitalists and workers
Society into 2 classes:
- bourgeois: own capital, includes resources like land, means of production, materials and
money
-workers: don’t own capital, sell their labor and with that power the bourgeoise
Frederick Taylor:
Engineer
People will do everything to cheat the system if they don’t like their job
They have to be motivated to actually work -> payment
Behaviorism
Punishment and reward motivate
History
Munsterberg, McKeen Cattel, Dill Scott, van Dyke Bingham
-> thinking about people in relation to their work
World war 1
Army Alpha tests
Army Beta tests
The Hawthorne Studies: different perception (amount of happiness) with different amounts
of light
Condition 1: on: fine
Condition 2: happier
Condition 3: still happy
Hawthorne effect: not the intervention of the light influences the happiness, but the fact
that somebody is interested in when you are happy influences your happiness
Asking people how they are already is an intervention!
Realization: people are more productive when they get attention (treated as humans) on the
work floor
Humans no longer just part of the production process
But as human beings on the work floor
Human relations movement
Theories of motivation
Emotional world of the worker
Studies of job satisfaction
,World war 2
Civil rights Act & Title VII
Changes in the workplace since 1980
Working with hands to working with brains
Physical problems to mental problems
Motivation of group animals
Human beings are group animals for the most vulnerable individuals
So, the majority is ‘suffering’ from a group, but when you become more vulnerable you
profit
The idea of evolution is not maximal happiness but survival of as many people as possible
What motivates most: (the idea of) making progress, growth
Manager underestimate this
People seek: competences, relatedness, autonomy
When society want to punish you -> prison takes these away!
Now hybrid working is possible
Why would we even go to work or to school?
-competence went down, mostly young children suffered (vulnerable)
-relatedness went down, mostly people without a network suffered (vulnerable)
-autonomy went up, only the most vulnerable did not profit form this
What if some people want more autonomy and others want more relatedness and growth ->
can’t have both
Multiculturalism
, Culture as the software of the mind
Culture: systems in which individuals share meaning, common ways of viewing events and
objects
Different cultures have different opinions on:
Quantitative and non-experimental research in this course
Qualitative methods:
Procedures like observation, interviews, case studies, and analysis of written documents
Generally, produce flow diagrams and narrative descriptions of events/processes
Quantitative methods:
Rely on tests, rating scales and physiological measures
Yield numerical results
Experimental:
Random assignment of participants to conditions
Conducted in a laboratory or in the workplace
Non-experimental:
Does not include manipulation or assignment to different conditions
-observational design: observes and records behavior
College 1
Opening
Carl Marx:
Marxism: theorizes that social conflict exists due to constant power struggles between
capitalists and workers
Society into 2 classes:
- bourgeois: own capital, includes resources like land, means of production, materials and
money
-workers: don’t own capital, sell their labor and with that power the bourgeoise
Frederick Taylor:
Engineer
People will do everything to cheat the system if they don’t like their job
They have to be motivated to actually work -> payment
Behaviorism
Punishment and reward motivate
History
Munsterberg, McKeen Cattel, Dill Scott, van Dyke Bingham
-> thinking about people in relation to their work
World war 1
Army Alpha tests
Army Beta tests
The Hawthorne Studies: different perception (amount of happiness) with different amounts
of light
Condition 1: on: fine
Condition 2: happier
Condition 3: still happy
Hawthorne effect: not the intervention of the light influences the happiness, but the fact
that somebody is interested in when you are happy influences your happiness
Asking people how they are already is an intervention!
Realization: people are more productive when they get attention (treated as humans) on the
work floor
Humans no longer just part of the production process
But as human beings on the work floor
Human relations movement
Theories of motivation
Emotional world of the worker
Studies of job satisfaction
,World war 2
Civil rights Act & Title VII
Changes in the workplace since 1980
Working with hands to working with brains
Physical problems to mental problems
Motivation of group animals
Human beings are group animals for the most vulnerable individuals
So, the majority is ‘suffering’ from a group, but when you become more vulnerable you
profit
The idea of evolution is not maximal happiness but survival of as many people as possible
What motivates most: (the idea of) making progress, growth
Manager underestimate this
People seek: competences, relatedness, autonomy
When society want to punish you -> prison takes these away!
Now hybrid working is possible
Why would we even go to work or to school?
-competence went down, mostly young children suffered (vulnerable)
-relatedness went down, mostly people without a network suffered (vulnerable)
-autonomy went up, only the most vulnerable did not profit form this
What if some people want more autonomy and others want more relatedness and growth ->
can’t have both
Multiculturalism
, Culture as the software of the mind
Culture: systems in which individuals share meaning, common ways of viewing events and
objects
Different cultures have different opinions on:
Quantitative and non-experimental research in this course
Qualitative methods:
Procedures like observation, interviews, case studies, and analysis of written documents
Generally, produce flow diagrams and narrative descriptions of events/processes
Quantitative methods:
Rely on tests, rating scales and physiological measures
Yield numerical results
Experimental:
Random assignment of participants to conditions
Conducted in a laboratory or in the workplace
Non-experimental:
Does not include manipulation or assignment to different conditions
-observational design: observes and records behavior
