Test Bank - Philosophies and Theories for Advanced Nursing Practice 4th Edition (Butts, 2022)
TEST BANK
Philosophies and Theories
FOR ADVANCED NURSING PRACTICE
Janie B. Butts, Karen L. Rich
4th Edition
, Test Bank - Philosophies and Theories for Advanced Nursing Practice 4th Edition (Butts, 2022)
Table of Contents
Chapter 1 Philosophy of Science: An Introduction and a Grounding for Your Practice
Chapter 2 The Evolution of Nursing Science
Chapter 3 The Essentials of the Doctor of Nursing Practice: A Philosophical Perspective
Chapter 4 Theory as Practice
Chapter 5 Components and Levels of Abstraction in Nursing Knowledge
Chapter 6 Complexity Science and Complex Adaptive Systems
Chapter 7 Critical Theory and Emancipatory Knowing
Chapter 8 Feminist Ethics: Some Thoughts about “Care” and “Power” for Advanced Practice Nurses
Chapter 9 Theories and Methods in Ethics
Chapter 10 Educational and Learning Theories
Chapter 11 Health Behavior Theories
Chapter 12 Theories Focused on Interpersonal Relationships
Chapter 13 Economic Theories
Chapter 14 Theories of Organizational Behavior and Leadership
Chapter 15 Theoretical Approaches to Quality Improvement
Chapter 16 Theories Focused on Health Equity
Chapter 17 Public Health Theories
Chapter 18 Models and Theories Focused on Nursing Goals and Functions
Chapter 19 Models and Theories Focused on a Systems Approach
Chapter 20 Models and Theories Focused on Human Existence and Universal Energy
Chapter 21 Models and Theories Focused on Competencies and Skills
Chapter 22 Theories Focused on Caring
Chapter 23 Models and Theories Focused on Culture
Chapter 24 The Praxis Theory of Suffering
Chapter 25 Theory Testing and Theory Evaluation 517
Chapter 26 Using Theory in Evidence-Based Advanced Nursology Practice
, Test Bank - Philosophies and Theories for Advanced Nursing Practice 4th Edition (Butts, 2022)
Chapter 1 – Philosophy of Science: An Introduction
1. Why are natural sciences also referred to as “pure” sciences?
A. They are considered stand-alone bodies of unique knowledge.
B. They are the only sciences to which the scientific method can be applied.
C. They are the original sciences upon which all others are based.
D. They are not affected by subjectivity in the way other sciences are.
Ans: A
2. Which is not an example of an applied science as used in health care today?
A. Social work
B. Psychotherapy
C. Examination of care disparities
D. Pathology Ans: D
3. Roberta firmly believes that individual experiences are the source of all knowledge in the world. As a
scientist, she acknowledges her role as a participant in the experiments she performs and does consider
herself merely a disconnected observer of phenomenon.
4.
Roberta’s views are most closely reflective of which school of scientific thought?
A. Natural Science
B. Human Science
C. Applied Science
D. Soft Science Ans: B
5. What is the ultimate goal of the scientific method?
A. Application of scientific results to a related body of knowledge in order to meet some type of human
need.
B. Examination of the decisions made by a scientist to understand the ways in which subjectivity was
introduced to the experiment.
C. Reproducible experimental results that do not take researcher individuality into account.
D. Improving the situation or process used in the experiment to yield more accurate results in repeat
experiments.
Ans: C
6. Which of the following best describes the aim of natural sciences?
, Test Bank - Philosophies and Theories for Advanced Nursing Practice 4th Edition (Butts, 2022)
A. Affirmation of the importance of cultural understanding by uncovering the common
subjective biases of different disciplines.
B. Improvement of the quality of life by understanding what helps people maximize their
functional abilities.
C. Utilization of knowledge by applying it to a specific purpose in order to better a situation
or change viewpoints.
D. Development of knowledge for the sake of developing knowledge, discovering truth, and
controlling outcomes.
Ans: D
7. Gretchen and Peter are graduate students in the same Physics lab. Their supervisor has
asked both of them to perform the same experiment using the same procedure and
equipment. After they’ve both completed their task, the compare their results and discover
that they are nearly identical. Which of the five criteria for science does Gretchen and
Peter’s discovery exemplify?
A. Intersubjective testability
B. Reliability
C. Definiteness and precision
D. Coherence
Ans: A
8. Which statement does not describe a general characteristic of philosophy?
A. Thinking for the sake of thinking.
B. Utilization of process and outcome.
C. Demarcation of wholeness and holism.
D. Application of epistemology and ontology.
Ans: C
9. Repetitive patterns of behavior dictated by past experiences is an example of which source
of knowledge?
A. Doctrine
B. Common sense
C. Tradition
D. Authority
Ans: C
, Test Bank - Philosophies and Theories for Advanced Nursing Practice 4th Edition (Butts, 2022)
10.Francisco is a chemist who rigidly applies the scientific method to all that he does,
whether in the lab or out of it, and strongly believes that all relationships are governed by
cause and effect. He sees little need for subjectivity in any area of his life, believing instead
that the world is an external concept completely independent of individual thoughts or
desires. Which philosophical school best describes Francisco’s outlook on the world?
A. Phenomenology
B. Logical positivism
C. Hermeneutics
D. Post-structuralism
Ans: B
11. Which statement would an adherent of the perceived view most likely make?
A. “Observation is completely unbiased.”
B. “Descriptive law is the gold standard of science.”
C. “Individual phenomenon make up the whole that is the universe.”
D. “Theories are neither right nor wrong.”
Ans: D
12. Which philosophy subscribes to the idea that the universe is a whole made of interrelated
parts?
A. Logical positivism
B. Chaos and Complexity
C. Post-Structuralism
D. Hermeneutics
Ans: B
, Test Bank - Philosophies and Theories for Advanced Nursing Practice 4th Edition (Butts, 2022)
Chapter 2: The Evolution of Nursing Science
1. Historically, nursing preparation was referred to as “training,” and many nurses educated
through the i97 S still use this term to refer to their education. Why is this terminology
particularly problematic in light of the advances made in nursing science in the last 3 years?
A. On-the-job apprenticeships are no longer as prevalent as they were up through the late
1970s and early •9 0s.
B. It places emphasis on nurses' abilities to perform tasks rather than reason through and
understand the purpose of their actions.
C. Most modern nurses pursue Master's level education beyond their practice-based
Bachelor's education.
D. The last 3 years have seen nursing education move away from physician-taught courses in
hospitals to rofessor-taught courses at universities.
2. During the 1960s, why did nursing scholars heavily emphasize a focus on the theoretical
development of nursing as its own, independent discipline?
A. To support doctoral education for nurses that was discipline specific
B. To prove that the logical positivist approach was a poor fit for the discipline
C. To encourage and enhance the continued development of nursing science
D. To promote research by nur es in all fields, not merely nursing science
3. Which argument best supports the idea of nursing as a professional discipline rather than an
academic discipline?
A. “Nursing is an applied science. Its practice component places an emphasis on the
delivery of service by nurses rather than the development of academic knowledge.”
B. “Nursing is a discipline with unique substance. It borrows very little from other disciplines
and, as a result, is beyond the realm of most academic programs in the sciences that
acknowledge idea sharing across disciplines.”
C. “Nursing is a concept with a lengthy unofficial history. Individuals have been providing nursing
care to others since the Crusades, and this professional provision of services predates formal
education in the field.”
D. “Nursing is a relative newcomer to advanced education. For many years, nurses were educated
or trained only at a Bachelor's level, and advanced practice therefore has its roots in the rofessio
, Test Bank - Philosophies and Theories for Advanced Nursing Practice 4th Edition (Butts, 2022)
4. Which statement best describes the role that logical positivism plays in modern
philosophical thought about nursing science and science in general?
A. It remains at the forefront of the understanding of science and dictates the ways in which
scientific research is performed.
B. It works in concert with humanistic philosophies of science, with the opposing ideologies
functioning as a system of philosophical checks and balances.
C. It no longer holds sway over the sciences, but its influence is so deeply ingrained in the field
that it continues to impact modern ideas about science.
D. It has been completely discredited by postmodern philosophers and is regarded a
a flawed relic of past scientific thinking.
5. During the •96os and *97 s, the theory movement in nursing sought to “prove” that nursing
was a science by applying strict logical positivist philosophy to the discipline. Why was this
application problematic from a philosophical standpoint?
A. It placed too great an emphasis on the art of nursing and left itself open to criticism by the
postmodern school of philosophy.
B. It ignored the humanistic and social aspects of providing quality care and focused on the hard
science involved.
C. It took too long to develop and by the time it came to fruition the logical positivist
perspective had fallen out of favor with most scientific disciplines.
D. It was later disproved by feminist philosophers who unequivocally demonstrated that
the logical positivist view was h avily biased against women and minorities.
6. Which statement most accurately encapsulates Thomas Kuhn's proposed philosophy of
science?
A. Science philosophy should address both the conceptual and empirical problems of science and
serve as merely a problem-solving activity.
B. Science philosophy should focus on concept clarification and concept analysis based on
theory development and synthesis.
C. Science philosophy should resolve conceptual problems in science without being limited to the
development of theories.
D. Science philosophy should examine the process of science, rather than the product
of science, according o a disciplinary matrix known as a paradigm.
TEST BANK
Philosophies and Theories
FOR ADVANCED NURSING PRACTICE
Janie B. Butts, Karen L. Rich
4th Edition
, Test Bank - Philosophies and Theories for Advanced Nursing Practice 4th Edition (Butts, 2022)
Table of Contents
Chapter 1 Philosophy of Science: An Introduction and a Grounding for Your Practice
Chapter 2 The Evolution of Nursing Science
Chapter 3 The Essentials of the Doctor of Nursing Practice: A Philosophical Perspective
Chapter 4 Theory as Practice
Chapter 5 Components and Levels of Abstraction in Nursing Knowledge
Chapter 6 Complexity Science and Complex Adaptive Systems
Chapter 7 Critical Theory and Emancipatory Knowing
Chapter 8 Feminist Ethics: Some Thoughts about “Care” and “Power” for Advanced Practice Nurses
Chapter 9 Theories and Methods in Ethics
Chapter 10 Educational and Learning Theories
Chapter 11 Health Behavior Theories
Chapter 12 Theories Focused on Interpersonal Relationships
Chapter 13 Economic Theories
Chapter 14 Theories of Organizational Behavior and Leadership
Chapter 15 Theoretical Approaches to Quality Improvement
Chapter 16 Theories Focused on Health Equity
Chapter 17 Public Health Theories
Chapter 18 Models and Theories Focused on Nursing Goals and Functions
Chapter 19 Models and Theories Focused on a Systems Approach
Chapter 20 Models and Theories Focused on Human Existence and Universal Energy
Chapter 21 Models and Theories Focused on Competencies and Skills
Chapter 22 Theories Focused on Caring
Chapter 23 Models and Theories Focused on Culture
Chapter 24 The Praxis Theory of Suffering
Chapter 25 Theory Testing and Theory Evaluation 517
Chapter 26 Using Theory in Evidence-Based Advanced Nursology Practice
, Test Bank - Philosophies and Theories for Advanced Nursing Practice 4th Edition (Butts, 2022)
Chapter 1 – Philosophy of Science: An Introduction
1. Why are natural sciences also referred to as “pure” sciences?
A. They are considered stand-alone bodies of unique knowledge.
B. They are the only sciences to which the scientific method can be applied.
C. They are the original sciences upon which all others are based.
D. They are not affected by subjectivity in the way other sciences are.
Ans: A
2. Which is not an example of an applied science as used in health care today?
A. Social work
B. Psychotherapy
C. Examination of care disparities
D. Pathology Ans: D
3. Roberta firmly believes that individual experiences are the source of all knowledge in the world. As a
scientist, she acknowledges her role as a participant in the experiments she performs and does consider
herself merely a disconnected observer of phenomenon.
4.
Roberta’s views are most closely reflective of which school of scientific thought?
A. Natural Science
B. Human Science
C. Applied Science
D. Soft Science Ans: B
5. What is the ultimate goal of the scientific method?
A. Application of scientific results to a related body of knowledge in order to meet some type of human
need.
B. Examination of the decisions made by a scientist to understand the ways in which subjectivity was
introduced to the experiment.
C. Reproducible experimental results that do not take researcher individuality into account.
D. Improving the situation or process used in the experiment to yield more accurate results in repeat
experiments.
Ans: C
6. Which of the following best describes the aim of natural sciences?
, Test Bank - Philosophies and Theories for Advanced Nursing Practice 4th Edition (Butts, 2022)
A. Affirmation of the importance of cultural understanding by uncovering the common
subjective biases of different disciplines.
B. Improvement of the quality of life by understanding what helps people maximize their
functional abilities.
C. Utilization of knowledge by applying it to a specific purpose in order to better a situation
or change viewpoints.
D. Development of knowledge for the sake of developing knowledge, discovering truth, and
controlling outcomes.
Ans: D
7. Gretchen and Peter are graduate students in the same Physics lab. Their supervisor has
asked both of them to perform the same experiment using the same procedure and
equipment. After they’ve both completed their task, the compare their results and discover
that they are nearly identical. Which of the five criteria for science does Gretchen and
Peter’s discovery exemplify?
A. Intersubjective testability
B. Reliability
C. Definiteness and precision
D. Coherence
Ans: A
8. Which statement does not describe a general characteristic of philosophy?
A. Thinking for the sake of thinking.
B. Utilization of process and outcome.
C. Demarcation of wholeness and holism.
D. Application of epistemology and ontology.
Ans: C
9. Repetitive patterns of behavior dictated by past experiences is an example of which source
of knowledge?
A. Doctrine
B. Common sense
C. Tradition
D. Authority
Ans: C
, Test Bank - Philosophies and Theories for Advanced Nursing Practice 4th Edition (Butts, 2022)
10.Francisco is a chemist who rigidly applies the scientific method to all that he does,
whether in the lab or out of it, and strongly believes that all relationships are governed by
cause and effect. He sees little need for subjectivity in any area of his life, believing instead
that the world is an external concept completely independent of individual thoughts or
desires. Which philosophical school best describes Francisco’s outlook on the world?
A. Phenomenology
B. Logical positivism
C. Hermeneutics
D. Post-structuralism
Ans: B
11. Which statement would an adherent of the perceived view most likely make?
A. “Observation is completely unbiased.”
B. “Descriptive law is the gold standard of science.”
C. “Individual phenomenon make up the whole that is the universe.”
D. “Theories are neither right nor wrong.”
Ans: D
12. Which philosophy subscribes to the idea that the universe is a whole made of interrelated
parts?
A. Logical positivism
B. Chaos and Complexity
C. Post-Structuralism
D. Hermeneutics
Ans: B
, Test Bank - Philosophies and Theories for Advanced Nursing Practice 4th Edition (Butts, 2022)
Chapter 2: The Evolution of Nursing Science
1. Historically, nursing preparation was referred to as “training,” and many nurses educated
through the i97 S still use this term to refer to their education. Why is this terminology
particularly problematic in light of the advances made in nursing science in the last 3 years?
A. On-the-job apprenticeships are no longer as prevalent as they were up through the late
1970s and early •9 0s.
B. It places emphasis on nurses' abilities to perform tasks rather than reason through and
understand the purpose of their actions.
C. Most modern nurses pursue Master's level education beyond their practice-based
Bachelor's education.
D. The last 3 years have seen nursing education move away from physician-taught courses in
hospitals to rofessor-taught courses at universities.
2. During the 1960s, why did nursing scholars heavily emphasize a focus on the theoretical
development of nursing as its own, independent discipline?
A. To support doctoral education for nurses that was discipline specific
B. To prove that the logical positivist approach was a poor fit for the discipline
C. To encourage and enhance the continued development of nursing science
D. To promote research by nur es in all fields, not merely nursing science
3. Which argument best supports the idea of nursing as a professional discipline rather than an
academic discipline?
A. “Nursing is an applied science. Its practice component places an emphasis on the
delivery of service by nurses rather than the development of academic knowledge.”
B. “Nursing is a discipline with unique substance. It borrows very little from other disciplines
and, as a result, is beyond the realm of most academic programs in the sciences that
acknowledge idea sharing across disciplines.”
C. “Nursing is a concept with a lengthy unofficial history. Individuals have been providing nursing
care to others since the Crusades, and this professional provision of services predates formal
education in the field.”
D. “Nursing is a relative newcomer to advanced education. For many years, nurses were educated
or trained only at a Bachelor's level, and advanced practice therefore has its roots in the rofessio
, Test Bank - Philosophies and Theories for Advanced Nursing Practice 4th Edition (Butts, 2022)
4. Which statement best describes the role that logical positivism plays in modern
philosophical thought about nursing science and science in general?
A. It remains at the forefront of the understanding of science and dictates the ways in which
scientific research is performed.
B. It works in concert with humanistic philosophies of science, with the opposing ideologies
functioning as a system of philosophical checks and balances.
C. It no longer holds sway over the sciences, but its influence is so deeply ingrained in the field
that it continues to impact modern ideas about science.
D. It has been completely discredited by postmodern philosophers and is regarded a
a flawed relic of past scientific thinking.
5. During the •96os and *97 s, the theory movement in nursing sought to “prove” that nursing
was a science by applying strict logical positivist philosophy to the discipline. Why was this
application problematic from a philosophical standpoint?
A. It placed too great an emphasis on the art of nursing and left itself open to criticism by the
postmodern school of philosophy.
B. It ignored the humanistic and social aspects of providing quality care and focused on the hard
science involved.
C. It took too long to develop and by the time it came to fruition the logical positivist
perspective had fallen out of favor with most scientific disciplines.
D. It was later disproved by feminist philosophers who unequivocally demonstrated that
the logical positivist view was h avily biased against women and minorities.
6. Which statement most accurately encapsulates Thomas Kuhn's proposed philosophy of
science?
A. Science philosophy should address both the conceptual and empirical problems of science and
serve as merely a problem-solving activity.
B. Science philosophy should focus on concept clarification and concept analysis based on
theory development and synthesis.
C. Science philosophy should resolve conceptual problems in science without being limited to the
development of theories.
D. Science philosophy should examine the process of science, rather than the product
of science, according o a disciplinary matrix known as a paradigm.
