NSG 530 Advanced Pathophysiology Review | Practice Questions & Answers

NSG 530 Advanced Pathophysiology
Review Packet
Exams 1–4 Original Practice
Questions, Answers, and Rationales
Wilkes | 2026/2027 | PDF-Ready
Study Guide
1. Cellular Adaptation

Question: Which cellular adaptation occurs when skeletal muscle increases in size
after regular weight training?



A. Hyperplasia

B. Dysplasia

C. Hypertrophy

D. Metaplasia



Answer : C. Hypertrophy
Rationale: Hypertrophy is an increase in cell size, leading to enlargement of the tissue
or organ.



2. Cellular Injury

Question: A lack of oxygen to tissues most directly causes cell injury by impairing:

, A. DNA transcription

B. ATP production

C. Lysosomal storage

D. Protein folding in the Golgi apparatus



Answer : B. ATP production
Rationale: Hypoxia decreases oxidative phosphorylation in mitochondria, reducing ATP
production and impairing cell function.



3. Inflammation

Question: Which finding is most characteristic of acute inflammation?



A. Fibrosis

B. Granuloma formation

C. Neutrophil predominance

D. Extensive scar tissue remodeling



Answer : C. Neutrophil predominance
Rationale: Acute inflammation is typically marked by vasodilation, increased
permeability, and neutrophil migration.



4. Apoptosis

Question: Apoptosis is best described as:



A. Uncontrolled cell death with inflammation

B. Programmed cell death without major inflammation

C. Cell enlargement in response to stress