Heredity and Genetics: Mendel, DNA, and Cell Division

Heredity and Genetics: Mendel, DNA, and Cell Division


Ribosome sites
Contains A site (aminoacyl) and P site (peptidyl).
P site
The site on the ribosome where the tRNA carrying the growing
peptide chain is located.
A site
The site on the ribosome where the next tRNA carrying an
amino acid enters.
Peptide bond
A covalent bond formed between two amino acids during
protein synthesis.
Mutation
A change in the DNA sequence that can result in a different
protein being produced.
Somatic cell mutation
A mutation that occurs in body cells and is not passed on to
offspring.
Germ line mutation
A mutation that occurs in reproductive cells and can be passed
on to offspring.
Induced mutation

, A mutation that is caused by external factors, such as mutagenic
agents.
Mutagenic agents
Substances that cause changes in DNA, leading to mutations.
Acrosome
A sperm organelle that contains enzymes to penetrate the ovum's
membrane.
Fertilization
The process where the sperm cell's DNA merges with the
ovum's DNA.
Endometrium
The inner lining of the uterus where a fertilized egg implants.
Point Mutation
A mutation where one base is changed, which may be harmless.
Frameshift Mutation
A mutation that results from the loss of a section of DNA,
altering the reading frame.
Insertion Mutation
A mutation where a section of DNA is added.
Deletion Mutation
A mutation where a section of DNA is removed.
Inversion Mutation