SOCIAL DETERMINANTS OF HEALTH
AND HEALTH DISPARITIES EXAM
WHO Definition of Health - Correct Answers -health is a state of complete physical,
mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity
What does the right to health encompass? - Correct Answers -1. underlying
determinants: water, sanitation, food , nutrition, housing, healthy occupational and
environmental conditions, education, information, etc
2. healthcare availability, accessibility, acceptability, quality of BOTH of those areas
What makes up a person's health? - Correct Answers -40% socioeconomic factors
10% physical environment
30% health behaviors
20% healthcare
What are components of socioeconomic factors that affect health? - Correct Answers -
1. education
2. job status
3. family/social support
4. income
5. community safety
What are the components of health behaviors? - Correct Answers -1. tobacco use
2. diet and exercise
3. alcohol use
4. sexual activity
What are components of health care? - Correct Answers -access to care and quality of
care
What % of socioeconomic and physical environment factors can be traced back to your
zip code? - Correct Answers -50% can be traced back to your zip code
How much of the things that influence health outcomes happen in the healthcare
setting? - Correct Answers -only 20%
, Health disparities - Correct Answers -higher burden of illness, injury, disability or
mortality experienced by one population group relative to another population group; they
are PREVENTABLE differences in burden of disease, injury, violence or opportunities to
achieve optimal health that are experienced by socially disadvantaged populations
Health care disparities - Correct Answers -differences between groups in health
insurance coverage, access to and use of care, and quality of care
example of health disparity and health care disparity in COVID - Correct Answers -
health disparity: COVID-19 hospitalization and death is higher for non-whites (outcome)
health care disparity: wealthier countries have better access to COVID vaccine (care)
The Social gradient - Correct Answers -relationship between income/social class and
health - poorest of the poor, around the world, have the worst health
evidence shows that in general the lower and individual's SES position, the worse their
health - global phenomenon in low, middle and high income countries
means that health inequities affect everyone
What did the whitehall study show? - Correct Answers -there is a distinct health-wealth
gradient - the higher up you are in government / richer, the better your health outcomes
Why treat people and send them.... - Correct Answers -....back to the conditions that
made them sick in the first place? Sir Michael Marmot
How is social gradient seen in life expectancy globally? Metro Louisville? Infant mortality
rates in louisville? - Correct Answers -life expectancy: wealthier countries = longer life
expectancy
metro louisville = life expectancy 10 years more in eastern part (wealthier part) of city
compared to western part
greater infant mortality in poorer areas of city
What study did the social gradient come from? - Correct Answers -whitehall study - by
michael marmot
What are social determinants of health? - Correct Answers -the conditions in which
people are:
1. born
2. grow
3. live and age
4. work
AND HEALTH DISPARITIES EXAM
WHO Definition of Health - Correct Answers -health is a state of complete physical,
mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity
What does the right to health encompass? - Correct Answers -1. underlying
determinants: water, sanitation, food , nutrition, housing, healthy occupational and
environmental conditions, education, information, etc
2. healthcare availability, accessibility, acceptability, quality of BOTH of those areas
What makes up a person's health? - Correct Answers -40% socioeconomic factors
10% physical environment
30% health behaviors
20% healthcare
What are components of socioeconomic factors that affect health? - Correct Answers -
1. education
2. job status
3. family/social support
4. income
5. community safety
What are the components of health behaviors? - Correct Answers -1. tobacco use
2. diet and exercise
3. alcohol use
4. sexual activity
What are components of health care? - Correct Answers -access to care and quality of
care
What % of socioeconomic and physical environment factors can be traced back to your
zip code? - Correct Answers -50% can be traced back to your zip code
How much of the things that influence health outcomes happen in the healthcare
setting? - Correct Answers -only 20%
, Health disparities - Correct Answers -higher burden of illness, injury, disability or
mortality experienced by one population group relative to another population group; they
are PREVENTABLE differences in burden of disease, injury, violence or opportunities to
achieve optimal health that are experienced by socially disadvantaged populations
Health care disparities - Correct Answers -differences between groups in health
insurance coverage, access to and use of care, and quality of care
example of health disparity and health care disparity in COVID - Correct Answers -
health disparity: COVID-19 hospitalization and death is higher for non-whites (outcome)
health care disparity: wealthier countries have better access to COVID vaccine (care)
The Social gradient - Correct Answers -relationship between income/social class and
health - poorest of the poor, around the world, have the worst health
evidence shows that in general the lower and individual's SES position, the worse their
health - global phenomenon in low, middle and high income countries
means that health inequities affect everyone
What did the whitehall study show? - Correct Answers -there is a distinct health-wealth
gradient - the higher up you are in government / richer, the better your health outcomes
Why treat people and send them.... - Correct Answers -....back to the conditions that
made them sick in the first place? Sir Michael Marmot
How is social gradient seen in life expectancy globally? Metro Louisville? Infant mortality
rates in louisville? - Correct Answers -life expectancy: wealthier countries = longer life
expectancy
metro louisville = life expectancy 10 years more in eastern part (wealthier part) of city
compared to western part
greater infant mortality in poorer areas of city
What study did the social gradient come from? - Correct Answers -whitehall study - by
michael marmot
What are social determinants of health? - Correct Answers -the conditions in which
people are:
1. born
2. grow
3. live and age
4. work
