AHN 568 EXAM 2 CARDIAC ASSESSMENT COMPLETE LATEST FINAL
EXAM UPDATED FOR 2026-2027 ACTUAL QUESTIONS WITH 100%
CERTIFIED, ELABORATED & VERIFIED SOLUTIONS- TOP SCORE -ACE
YOUR EXAMS
S1 is the closure of the ________&________ valve
mitral & tricuspid (atrioventricular)
S1 marks the beginning of systole or diastole systole
S1 compliments which wave on the EKG
R wave - the depolarization and contraction of the ventricles causes the mitral &
tricuspid valve to close.
S1 is best heard at the base or apex?
Apex (Mitral & Tricuspid area)
5th ICS MCL
S2 is the closure of the ______ & _______ valve aortic
& pulmonic (semilunar)
S2 marks the beginning of systole or diastole
Diastole
S2 is heard best at the apex or base of the heart?
Base (Aortic & Pulmonic Area) 2nd ICS Right &
Left sternal border.
The sound is S2 is mostly contributed from the closure of the Aortic or Pulmonic Valve
Aortic
S2 is of higher pitch and shorter duration than S1.
True or false
True
A splitting S2 is a common finding in older adults.
True or False
False
Common finding in children & young adults
The Atrial kick accounts for ___ % of blood that fills the ventricles
25%
A splitting S2 is best auscultated in which valve area?
Pulmonic
The splitting of S2 is the early/late closure of the aortic valve and the early/late closure
of the pulmonic valve Early closure of aortic valve
Late closure of the pulmonic valve
S1 and S2 are best auscultated with bell or diaphragm of the stethoscope
Diaphragm
S3 and S4 are best auscultated with bell or diaphragm of the stethoscope Bell
, The diaphragm is best used to detect high or low pitch sounds High
Bell of stethoscope detects high or low pitch sounds low
Splitting of S2 is best heard during inspiration or expiration
Inspiration
Aortic Valve ausculatory area
2nd Right ICS right sternal border
Pulmonic Valve ausculatory area
2nd Left ICS left sternal border
Erb's point
3rd ICS left sternal border
Second Pulmonic Area
Tricuspid valve area
4th or 5th ICS left sternal border
Mitral Valve Area
5th left ICS mid clavicular line
This extra heart sound is associated with conditions where fluid overload is present. (left
ventricular failure, pregnancy, hyperthyroidism, anemia)
S3
Extra heart sound also known as the ventricular gallop
S3
S3 occurs 0.12-0.16 seconds after S1, S2, or S4? S2
A patient presents with complaints of swelling in their ankles and shortness of breath.
Physical exam reveals JVD, 2+ pitting edema, enlarged spleen, and crackles in their
lungs. Which heart sound would expect to hear upon auscultation with the bell of your
stethoscope?
S3 - associated with fluid overload and heart failure. extra
heart sound also known as atrial gallop
S4
A patient with long standing hypertension, elevated left ventricle end diastolic pressure,
and cardiomegaly on chest x-ray will most likely have which extra heart sound.
S4
S4 is heard late in systole or diastole and occurs immediately before S1 or S2?
heard late in diastole and occurs immediately before S1. S4 will NOT be heard
in a patient with a known history of:
- Myocardial infarction
- Heart Failure
- Atrial fibrillation
- Hyperthyroidism A. fib
Which position would you ask the patient to assume to best auscultate for the presence
of S3 or S4 left lateral recumbent. Use bell of stethoscope because S3 & S4 are LOW
pitch sounds. The bell of your stethoscope can be used to detect low pitch sounds
including S3, S4, and which diastolic murmur?
- Aortic stenosis
EXAM UPDATED FOR 2026-2027 ACTUAL QUESTIONS WITH 100%
CERTIFIED, ELABORATED & VERIFIED SOLUTIONS- TOP SCORE -ACE
YOUR EXAMS
S1 is the closure of the ________&________ valve
mitral & tricuspid (atrioventricular)
S1 marks the beginning of systole or diastole systole
S1 compliments which wave on the EKG
R wave - the depolarization and contraction of the ventricles causes the mitral &
tricuspid valve to close.
S1 is best heard at the base or apex?
Apex (Mitral & Tricuspid area)
5th ICS MCL
S2 is the closure of the ______ & _______ valve aortic
& pulmonic (semilunar)
S2 marks the beginning of systole or diastole
Diastole
S2 is heard best at the apex or base of the heart?
Base (Aortic & Pulmonic Area) 2nd ICS Right &
Left sternal border.
The sound is S2 is mostly contributed from the closure of the Aortic or Pulmonic Valve
Aortic
S2 is of higher pitch and shorter duration than S1.
True or false
True
A splitting S2 is a common finding in older adults.
True or False
False
Common finding in children & young adults
The Atrial kick accounts for ___ % of blood that fills the ventricles
25%
A splitting S2 is best auscultated in which valve area?
Pulmonic
The splitting of S2 is the early/late closure of the aortic valve and the early/late closure
of the pulmonic valve Early closure of aortic valve
Late closure of the pulmonic valve
S1 and S2 are best auscultated with bell or diaphragm of the stethoscope
Diaphragm
S3 and S4 are best auscultated with bell or diaphragm of the stethoscope Bell
, The diaphragm is best used to detect high or low pitch sounds High
Bell of stethoscope detects high or low pitch sounds low
Splitting of S2 is best heard during inspiration or expiration
Inspiration
Aortic Valve ausculatory area
2nd Right ICS right sternal border
Pulmonic Valve ausculatory area
2nd Left ICS left sternal border
Erb's point
3rd ICS left sternal border
Second Pulmonic Area
Tricuspid valve area
4th or 5th ICS left sternal border
Mitral Valve Area
5th left ICS mid clavicular line
This extra heart sound is associated with conditions where fluid overload is present. (left
ventricular failure, pregnancy, hyperthyroidism, anemia)
S3
Extra heart sound also known as the ventricular gallop
S3
S3 occurs 0.12-0.16 seconds after S1, S2, or S4? S2
A patient presents with complaints of swelling in their ankles and shortness of breath.
Physical exam reveals JVD, 2+ pitting edema, enlarged spleen, and crackles in their
lungs. Which heart sound would expect to hear upon auscultation with the bell of your
stethoscope?
S3 - associated with fluid overload and heart failure. extra
heart sound also known as atrial gallop
S4
A patient with long standing hypertension, elevated left ventricle end diastolic pressure,
and cardiomegaly on chest x-ray will most likely have which extra heart sound.
S4
S4 is heard late in systole or diastole and occurs immediately before S1 or S2?
heard late in diastole and occurs immediately before S1. S4 will NOT be heard
in a patient with a known history of:
- Myocardial infarction
- Heart Failure
- Atrial fibrillation
- Hyperthyroidism A. fib
Which position would you ask the patient to assume to best auscultate for the presence
of S3 or S4 left lateral recumbent. Use bell of stethoscope because S3 & S4 are LOW
pitch sounds. The bell of your stethoscope can be used to detect low pitch sounds
including S3, S4, and which diastolic murmur?
- Aortic stenosis
