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'25-26 Samenvatting lescolleges en handboek 'Wijsbegeerte' KU Leuven

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OF koop rechtstreeks voor 6 euro -- stuur een mailtje naar r0955220 @ kuleuven .be Samenvatting van het handboek en collegeaantekeningen voor het vak Wijsbegeerte aan de KU Leuven, gegeven door Tim Heysse

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WIJSBEGEERTE
Lescolleges Tim Heysse




2025-2026
KU LEUVEN

,Wijsbegeerte
[S0A13a]



Inhoud
Inleiding.............................................................................................................................. 4
Wat is filosofie?................................................................................................................ 4
H1: probleemstelling met Socrates.....................................................................................4
Het Griekse mirakel......................................................................................................... 4
Het leven van Socrates.................................................................................................5
Apologie....................................................................................................................... 6
Debat met de Sofisten.................................................................................................. 7
Vragen/probleemstelling.................................................................................................. 7
Transcendentie............................................................................................................. 7
Andere zekerheden....................................................................................................... 8
Vragen en probleemstelling..........................................................................................9
H2: Plato........................................................................................................................... 10
Plato’s filosofie............................................................................................................... 10
1. Socrates................................................................................................................. 10
2. Mening en Kennis................................................................................................... 10
3. Ideeënleer.............................................................................................................. 11
4. Mens/maatschappij................................................................................................. 12
Impliciete opvattingen bij Plato’s filosofie......................................................................12
Plato’s visie op de werkelijkheid.................................................................................12
Plato’s interpretatie van transcendentie.....................................................................13
Nieuwe filosofische distincties....................................................................................13
Vrije opdracht................................................................................................................ 14
Wat is nu waar? Plato’s visie vs. onze visie....................................................................14
H3: Aristoteles.................................................................................................................. 15
Het begin: breuk met Plato............................................................................................ 15
Kan Aristoteles aan Plato ontsnappen?..........................................................................17
Essentialisme.............................................................................................................. 17
Analyse van ontstaan en verandering........................................................................18
Finalisme.................................................................................................................... 18
Ethiek......................................................................................................................... 20
Besluit............................................................................................................................ 21
Grieken en modernen....................................................................................................... 23
Het Griekse wereldbeeld............................................................................................. 23
H4: Descartes................................................................................................................... 24
Verhouding moderne wetenschap, filosofie en cultuur...................................................25
Filosofie van Descartes.................................................................................................. 25
Twijfel en zekerheid.................................................................................................... 25
De idee van het volmaakte en objectiviteit................................................................27

1

,Wijsbegeerte
[S0A13a]

Het project van Descartes.......................................................................................... 29
‘Ik denk’ als zeker fundament vd kennis en de ontdekking vd subjectiviteit...............31
H5: Spinoza....................................................................................................................... 33
De ontluistering door de moderne wetenschap.............................................................33
Filosofie van Spinoza...................................................................................................... 34
Cartesiaan.................................................................................................................. 34
Ethicus........................................................................................................................ 36
H6: Hume.......................................................................................................................... 38
Rationalisme en empirisme........................................................................................... 38
Filosofie van Hume........................................................................................................ 38
Theorie van de menselijke geest................................................................................38
Scepticisme................................................................................................................ 40
Natuur........................................................................................................................ 41
Ethiek......................................................................................................................... 41
Twee Humes?.............................................................................................................. 42
Twijfel van/aan de moderne filosofie..............................................................................42
Moderne visie op de werkelijkheid, redelijkheid en tijd.....................................................44
Moderne visie op de werkelijkheid.................................................................................44
Betekenis van ‘redelijkheid’ in de moderne filosofie......................................................45
Het ideaal van de Verlichting......................................................................................... 47
Kritische houding tov Verlichting...................................................................................51
Culturele dominantie vd Verlichting............................................................................52
Opvatting over God.................................................................................................... 53
H7: Immanuel Kant........................................................................................................... 54
Het project van Kant...................................................................................................... 54
Nieuwe interpretatie van het woord ‘objectiviteit’......................................................57
De rede....................................................................................................................... 59
Ethiek, vrijheid en de wereld.......................................................................................... 62
Is Kant een modern filosoof?.......................................................................................64
H8: Nietzsche.................................................................................................................... 68
God is dood.................................................................................................................... 68
Filosofie van Nietzsche................................................................................................... 70
Herwaardering van alle waarden................................................................................70
De eeuwige terugkeer van hetzelfde..........................................................................71
Zonder transcendentie?.............................................................................................. 72
Het einde van de moderne cultuur?..................................................................................73
Uitwegen uit het dilemma van de kritiek.......................................................................73
H9: taal............................................................................................................................. 74
Zingeving en taalbetekenis............................................................................................ 74
Een versie vd betekenistheorie van Grice & Searle.......................................................75

2

, Wijsbegeerte
[S0A13a]

Davidsons interpretatie van taalbetekenis.....................................................................76
Davidsons reconstructie vd praktijk van het interpreteren.........................................78
Besluit............................................................................................................................ 79
H10 : een interpretatie van transcendentie......................................................................81
Wittgenstein (Oostenrijkse filosoof)...............................................................................82
Examen............................................................................................................................. 84
Vragen.............................................................................................................................. 84
Schema’s.......................................................................................................................... 84
Oefeningen....................................................................................................................... 85




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