BSC 1010 FINAL EXAM REVIEW QUESTIONS
WITH VERIFIED ANSWERS 2026-2027
Put the stepsJof the processJof signal transduction in the order they occur:
1. AJconformational change in the signal-receptor complex activates an enzyme.
2. Protein kinases are activated.
3. AJsignal molecule binds to a receptor.
4. Target proteins are phosphorylated.
5. Second messenger molecules are released. - correct answer-3,1,5,2,4
Integrins are integral membrane proteins. They are often attached to . - correctJanswer-
cytoskeletal proteins and proteins in the extracellular matrix
Phosphorylation cascade involvingJa series of protein kinases are useful for cellular signal transduction beca
useJthey . - correct answer-amplify the original signal many times
The receptors doe steroid hormones are located inside the cell instead of on the membrane surface like mos
t other signal receptors. This is NOT a problem for steroids because . - correct answer-
steroid hormones are lipid soluble, so they can readily diffuse through the lipid bilayer on theJcell membran
e.
Which stateerningJhow the molecular composition of a plant cell wall compare with the extracellular matrix
of animal cells? - correct answer-
Plant cell wall fibers consist primarily of carbohydrates ECM fibers are dominated by proteins.
The structure that anchors adjacent epithelial cells via their cytoskeleton is the - correct answer-
desmosome
Activated signal receptors on the plasma membrane can carry out which two activities? - correct answer-
Catalyze receptor phosphorylation; activate G proteins
, DifferentJcell types can respond differently to the same signalingJmolecule because .-
correct answer-each cell type converts the signal to a different metabolite.
When a lipid- soluble hormone enters a cell and binds a receptor, what happens to the receptor? -
correct answer-It entersJthe nucleus and activates genes.
Signaling pathways always work in completeJisolation from one another. - correct answer-False
In eukaryotic cells, chromosomes are composed of . - correctJanswer-DNA and proteins
Forms of the Ras protein found in tumorsJwould cause which of the following? - correct answer-
DNA replication to be hyperactive.
The mitotic spindle is a micro tubular structure that is involved in . - correct answer-
separation of sister chromatids.
WhatJis the structure of mitosis promotingJfactor (mpf)? -Jcorrect answer-A cyclin protein bound toJa cyclin-
dependent kinase.
Which of the followingJwould be used to differentiate between benign and malignant tumors? -
correct answer-The ability to invade other tissues
Most cancer cells have defects in either growth signalingJpathwaysJor cell cycle control processes. -
correct answer-True
What is the spindle apparatus? -Jcorrect answer-The microtubule structure that separates chromosomes
The process of cytokinesisJoccurs differently in plants and animals. - correct answer-True
Proteins that are involved in the regulation of the cell cycle and that show fluctuations in concentration duri
ng the cell cycle are called . - correct answer-cyclins
WITH VERIFIED ANSWERS 2026-2027
Put the stepsJof the processJof signal transduction in the order they occur:
1. AJconformational change in the signal-receptor complex activates an enzyme.
2. Protein kinases are activated.
3. AJsignal molecule binds to a receptor.
4. Target proteins are phosphorylated.
5. Second messenger molecules are released. - correct answer-3,1,5,2,4
Integrins are integral membrane proteins. They are often attached to . - correctJanswer-
cytoskeletal proteins and proteins in the extracellular matrix
Phosphorylation cascade involvingJa series of protein kinases are useful for cellular signal transduction beca
useJthey . - correct answer-amplify the original signal many times
The receptors doe steroid hormones are located inside the cell instead of on the membrane surface like mos
t other signal receptors. This is NOT a problem for steroids because . - correct answer-
steroid hormones are lipid soluble, so they can readily diffuse through the lipid bilayer on theJcell membran
e.
Which stateerningJhow the molecular composition of a plant cell wall compare with the extracellular matrix
of animal cells? - correct answer-
Plant cell wall fibers consist primarily of carbohydrates ECM fibers are dominated by proteins.
The structure that anchors adjacent epithelial cells via their cytoskeleton is the - correct answer-
desmosome
Activated signal receptors on the plasma membrane can carry out which two activities? - correct answer-
Catalyze receptor phosphorylation; activate G proteins
, DifferentJcell types can respond differently to the same signalingJmolecule because .-
correct answer-each cell type converts the signal to a different metabolite.
When a lipid- soluble hormone enters a cell and binds a receptor, what happens to the receptor? -
correct answer-It entersJthe nucleus and activates genes.
Signaling pathways always work in completeJisolation from one another. - correct answer-False
In eukaryotic cells, chromosomes are composed of . - correctJanswer-DNA and proteins
Forms of the Ras protein found in tumorsJwould cause which of the following? - correct answer-
DNA replication to be hyperactive.
The mitotic spindle is a micro tubular structure that is involved in . - correct answer-
separation of sister chromatids.
WhatJis the structure of mitosis promotingJfactor (mpf)? -Jcorrect answer-A cyclin protein bound toJa cyclin-
dependent kinase.
Which of the followingJwould be used to differentiate between benign and malignant tumors? -
correct answer-The ability to invade other tissues
Most cancer cells have defects in either growth signalingJpathwaysJor cell cycle control processes. -
correct answer-True
What is the spindle apparatus? -Jcorrect answer-The microtubule structure that separates chromosomes
The process of cytokinesisJoccurs differently in plants and animals. - correct answer-True
Proteins that are involved in the regulation of the cell cycle and that show fluctuations in concentration duri
ng the cell cycle are called . - correct answer-cyclins
