Updated Latest 2026–2027 Business Statistics Communicating With Numbers 2nd Edition Complete Study Resource For Business Analytics Statistics Data Interpretation And Exam Preparation

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Chapter 02
1. A frequency distribution for qualitative data groups these data into classes called intervals and

records the tota number of observations in each class. J




True False


2. The relative frequency of a category is calculated by dividing the category's frequency by the total
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number of observations. J J




True False


3. The percent frequency of a category equals the frequency of the category multiplied by 100%.
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True False


4. A pie chart is a segmented circle that portrays the categories and relative sizes of some
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quantitative variable. J




True False


5. A bar chart depicts the frequency or relative frequency of each category of qualitative data as a bar
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rising vertically from the horizontal axis. It is also acceptable for the bar to extend horizontally from
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the vertical axis.
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True False




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6. A bar chart may be displayed horizontally.


True False


7. To approximate the width of a class in the creation of a bar chart, we may use this formula:
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True False


8. For quantitative data, a relative frequency distribution identifies the proportion of observations that
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fall into each class.
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True False


9. For quantitative data, a cumulative relative frequency distribution records the proportion (fraction) of
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values that fall below the upper limit of each class.
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True False


10. A histogram is a series of rectangles where the width and height of each rectangle represent the
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frequency (or relative frequency) and the width of the class, respectively.
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True False




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11. A polygon connects a series of neighboring points where each point represents the midpoint of a
particular class and its associated frequency or relative frequency.
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True False


12. An ogive is a graph that plots the cumulative frequency (or the cumulative relative frequency) of
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each class above the lower limit of the corresponding class.
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True False


13. A stem-and-leaf diagram is useful in that it gives an overall picture of where quantitative data are
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centered and how the data are dispersed from the center.
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True False


14. A scatterplot is a graphical tool that helps determine whether or not two quantitative variables are
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related.



True False


15. When constructing a scatterplot for two quantitative variables, we usually refer to one variable as
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x and another one as y. Typically, we graph x on the vertical axis and y on the horizontal axis.
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True False


16. When constructing a pie chart, only a few, the most frequent, categories must be included in the pie.
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True False




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17. When summarizing quantitative data it is always better to have up to 30 classes in a frequency

distribution.


True False


18. Scatterplot is a graphical tool that is focused on describing one variable.
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True False


19. Frequency distributions may be used to describe which of the following types of data?
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A. Nominal and ordinal data only
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B. Nominal and interval data only
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C. Nominal, ordinal, and interval data only
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D. Nominal, ordinal, interval, and ratio data
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20. In order to summarize qualitative data, a useful tool is a
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A. histogram

B. frequency distribution J




C. stem-and-leaf diagram J




D. All of the above
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