MGMT 443 EXAM 1 STUDY GUIDE
Centralization - Answers - Refers to the hierarchical level that has authority to make
decisions.
Formalization - Answers - Pertains to the amount of written documentation in the
organization. Documents include includes procedures, job descriptions, regulations, and
policy manuals.
Specialization - Answers - The degree to which organizational tasks are subdivided into
separate jobs.
If Specialization is low - Answers - Employees perform a wide range of tasks.
If Specialization is high - Answers - each employee only performs narrow rangeof tasks.
Hierarchy of Authority(Span of Control) - Answers - Describes who reports to whom and
the span of control for each manager.
Complexity - Answers - Refers to the number of distinct departments or activities within
the organization.
Vertical Complexity - Answers - Number of levels in the hierarchy.
Horizontal Complexity - Answers - Number of departments or occupational specialties
existing horizontally across the organization.
Culture - Answers - The underlying set of key values, beliefs, understandings, and
norms shared by employees. These values and norms may pertain to ethical behavior,
commitment of employees, customers, and competitors.
Size - Answers - Can be measured for the organization as a whole or for a specific
components, such as plant or division.
Goals and Strategy - Answers - Define the purpose and competitive techniques that set
it apart from other organizations.
Goals - Answers - Often written down as an enduring statement of company intent.
Strategy - Answers - A plan of action that describes resource allocation and activities
dealing with the environment and reaching the organization's goals.
, Environment - Answers - Includes all elements outside the boundary of the organization.
Key elements include: industry, government, customers, suppliers, and the financial
community.
Technology - Answers - Refers to the tools, techniques, and actions used to transform
inputs into outputs. Concerns how the organization actually produces the product and
services it provides for customers including things as flexible manufacturing, advanced
information systems, and the internet.
Scientific Management - Answers - Emphasizes scientifically determined jobs and
management practices as the way to improve efficiency and labor productivity.
Theory X - Answers - - The average human being has an inherent dislike of work and
will avoid it if possible. Most people need to be forced to put in effort adequate to attain
organizational success.
- Employees are lazy
- Need to control employee performance
- Use rewards and punishments to incentivize
Theory Y - Answers - - The average human being finds work a source of satisfaction
and will exercise self-direction and self-control in achieving the objectives he or she
is committed to.
- Work is fun as play.
- When empowered, employees will take responsibility and work hard.
Hawthorne Studies - Answers - A series of experiments on worker productivity begun in
1924 at the Hawthorne plant of Western Electric Company in Illinois; attributed
employees' increased output to managers' better treatment of them during the study.
Organizational Goal - Answers - A desired state of affairs that the organization will strive
for and determine the direction it will take to accomplish it. It is the purpose and
direction that shapes how the organization is designed and managed.
Strategic Intent - Answers - All the organization's energies and resources are directed
toward a focused, unifying, and compelling overall goal.
Operating Goals - Answers - Designate the ends sought through the actual operating
procedures of the organization and explain what the organization is actually trying to do.
Effectiveness - Answers - The degree to which an organization achieves its goals.
"social construct"
Efficiency - Answers - The amount of resources used to achieve organization's goals;
based on the quantity of raw materials, money, and employees necessary to produce a
given level of output.
Centralization - Answers - Refers to the hierarchical level that has authority to make
decisions.
Formalization - Answers - Pertains to the amount of written documentation in the
organization. Documents include includes procedures, job descriptions, regulations, and
policy manuals.
Specialization - Answers - The degree to which organizational tasks are subdivided into
separate jobs.
If Specialization is low - Answers - Employees perform a wide range of tasks.
If Specialization is high - Answers - each employee only performs narrow rangeof tasks.
Hierarchy of Authority(Span of Control) - Answers - Describes who reports to whom and
the span of control for each manager.
Complexity - Answers - Refers to the number of distinct departments or activities within
the organization.
Vertical Complexity - Answers - Number of levels in the hierarchy.
Horizontal Complexity - Answers - Number of departments or occupational specialties
existing horizontally across the organization.
Culture - Answers - The underlying set of key values, beliefs, understandings, and
norms shared by employees. These values and norms may pertain to ethical behavior,
commitment of employees, customers, and competitors.
Size - Answers - Can be measured for the organization as a whole or for a specific
components, such as plant or division.
Goals and Strategy - Answers - Define the purpose and competitive techniques that set
it apart from other organizations.
Goals - Answers - Often written down as an enduring statement of company intent.
Strategy - Answers - A plan of action that describes resource allocation and activities
dealing with the environment and reaching the organization's goals.
, Environment - Answers - Includes all elements outside the boundary of the organization.
Key elements include: industry, government, customers, suppliers, and the financial
community.
Technology - Answers - Refers to the tools, techniques, and actions used to transform
inputs into outputs. Concerns how the organization actually produces the product and
services it provides for customers including things as flexible manufacturing, advanced
information systems, and the internet.
Scientific Management - Answers - Emphasizes scientifically determined jobs and
management practices as the way to improve efficiency and labor productivity.
Theory X - Answers - - The average human being has an inherent dislike of work and
will avoid it if possible. Most people need to be forced to put in effort adequate to attain
organizational success.
- Employees are lazy
- Need to control employee performance
- Use rewards and punishments to incentivize
Theory Y - Answers - - The average human being finds work a source of satisfaction
and will exercise self-direction and self-control in achieving the objectives he or she
is committed to.
- Work is fun as play.
- When empowered, employees will take responsibility and work hard.
Hawthorne Studies - Answers - A series of experiments on worker productivity begun in
1924 at the Hawthorne plant of Western Electric Company in Illinois; attributed
employees' increased output to managers' better treatment of them during the study.
Organizational Goal - Answers - A desired state of affairs that the organization will strive
for and determine the direction it will take to accomplish it. It is the purpose and
direction that shapes how the organization is designed and managed.
Strategic Intent - Answers - All the organization's energies and resources are directed
toward a focused, unifying, and compelling overall goal.
Operating Goals - Answers - Designate the ends sought through the actual operating
procedures of the organization and explain what the organization is actually trying to do.
Effectiveness - Answers - The degree to which an organization achieves its goals.
"social construct"
Efficiency - Answers - The amount of resources used to achieve organization's goals;
based on the quantity of raw materials, money, and employees necessary to produce a
given level of output.
