NUR 233 FINAL EXTENDED EXAM QUESTIONS WELL ANSWERED LATEST UPDATE 2026

NUR 233 FINAL EXTENDED EXAM QUESTIONS WELL ANSWERED LATEST UPDATE 2026 Nursing process - Answers Step-by-step method (ADPIE) used to guide patient care Assessment - Answers Collecting patient data (first step) Diagnosis - Answers Identifying patient problems Planning - Answers Setting goals Implementation - Answers Performing care Evaluation - Answers Determining if care worked Delegation - Answers Assigning tasks based on patient stability RN responsibilities - Answers Assessment, teaching, evaluation, judgment LPN role - Answers Provides basic care but limited assessment/teaching CNA/UAP role - Answers Assists with ADLs for stable patients Five rights of delegation - Answers Right task, circumstance, person, direction, supervision Six rights of medication administration - Answers Patient, drug, dose, route, time, documentation Medication reconciliation - Answers Comparing medication lists to prevent errors Medication assessment - Answers Checking vitals, labs, allergies before giving meds Medication error - Answers Preventable mistake in medication process High-alert medications - Answers Drugs with high risk of harm Extended-release meds - Answers Cannot be crushed Enteric-coated meds - Answers Protect stomach; do not crush Enteral route - Answers Medication via NG/PEG tube Buccal route - Answers Medication absorbed in cheek Sublingual route - Answers Medication absorbed under tongue (fast) Ophthalmic route - Answers Medication applied to eye NG tube medication - Answers Check placement, flush before/after, give separately Healthcare-associated infection - Answers Infection acquired in healthcare setting Standard precautions - Answers Hand hygiene and PPE for all patients Contact precautions - Answers Gloves/gown (C. diff, MRSA) Droplet precautions - Answers Mask (flu) Airborne precautions - Answers N95 mask (TB) Local infection - Answers Infection in one area Systemic infection - Answers Infection affects whole body Acute infection - Answers Sudden onset Chronic infection - Answers Long-term infection Preoperative care - Answers Assessment and teaching before surgery Informed consent - Answers Provider explains, nurse witnesses Surgical risk factors - Answers Age, nutrition, comorbidities Postoperative complications - Answers Infection, bleeding, DVT, atelectasis Atelectasis - Answers Lung collapse from shallow breathing Incentive spirometer - Answers Prevents lung collapse Deep breathing - Answers Prevents pneumonia Early ambulation - Answers Prevents DVT and pneumonia Alzheimer's disease - Answers Progressive memory loss and cognitive decline Early Alzheimer's - Answers Forgetfulness, confusion Late Alzheimer's - Answers Loss of recognition, dependence Parkinson's disease - Answers Movement disorder from low dopamine Parkinson's signs - Answers Tremor, rigidity, slow movement, postural instability Dyskinesia - Answers Involuntary movements Dopamine - Answers Controls movement Pressure injury - Answers Skin breakdown from pressure Stage 1 - Answers Red skin Stage 2 - Answers Blister Stage 3 - Answers Fat visible Stage 4 - Answers Muscle/bone visible Skin breakdown risk - Answers Immobility, moisture, poor nutrition Shear - Answers Skin damage from sliding Friction - Answers Skin rubbing damage Serous drainage - Answers Clear fluid Sanguineous drainage - Answers Bloody Purulent drainage - Answers Pus (infection) Oxygen saturation - Answers Measure of oxygen in blood Hypoxia - Answers Low oxygen Cyanosis - Answers Blue skin from low oxygen Dyspnea - Answers Difficulty breathing Tachypnea - Answers Fast breathing Bradypnea - Answers Slow breathing Oxygen therapy - Answers Given when O2 sat 90% Pneumonia - Answers Lung infection with cough, fever, crackles Crackles - Answers Fluid in lungs COPD - Answers Chronic airflow limitation Chronic bronchitis - Answers "Blue bloater" (mucus, low oxygen) Emphysema - Answers "Pink puffer" (air trapping, SOB) Barrel chest - Answers Hyperinflation of lungs Asthma - Answers Airway inflammation causing wheezing Wheezing - Answers Narrowed airways Pursed-lip breathing - Answers Helps COPD exhale Tripod position - Answers Leaning forward to breathe easier OSA - Answers Airway collapse during sleep CPAP - Answers Keeps airway open GERD - Answers Acid reflux causing heartburn GERD triggers - Answers Fatty food, caffeine, alcohol Nausea - Answers Feeling of needing to vomit Vomiting - Answers Forceful emptying of stomach Vomiting complication - Answers Dehydration, alkalosis Diarrhea - Answers Frequent loose stool Diarrhea complication - Answers Dehydration, electrolyte loss Glaucoma - Answers Increased eye pressure → peripheral vision loss Macular degeneration - Answers Central vision loss Cataracts - Answers Cloudy lens Retinal detachment - Answers Emergency with vision loss Meniere's disease - Answers Inner ear disorder causing vertigo, tinnitus, hearing loss Vertigo - Answers Spinning sensation Tinnitus - Answers Ringing in ears Low sodium diet - Answers Reduces fluid buildup in ear Hypertension - Answers High blood pressure DASH diet - Answers Low sodium, heart-healthy diet Target organ damage - Answers Heart, kidneys, brain damage from HTN