BIOD 121 Nutrition Exam 2/BIOD
121 Nutrition Exam 2 ( 2026
LATEST UPDATE)
Course
BIOD 121 Nutrition Exam 2
Question 1
Which nutrient provides the body's primary source of energy?
A. Protein
B. Carbohydrates
C. Vitamins
D. Water
Answer: B. Carbohydrates
Rationale:
Carbohydrates are the body's preferred energy source. They are broken down into glucose, which
fuels the brain, nervous system, and muscles. Although proteins and fats can provide energy,
carbohydrates are the primary fuel source under normal conditions.
Question 2
Which vitamin is primarily responsible for promoting calcium absorption in the small intestine?
A. Vitamin A
B. Vitamin C
C. Vitamin D
D. Vitamin K
Answer: C. Vitamin D
Rationale:
Vitamin D enhances calcium and phosphorus absorption from the gastrointestinal tract, helping
maintain healthy bones and teeth. Deficiency can result in rickets in children and osteomalacia in
adults.
Question 3
A deficiency of which mineral is most commonly associated with iron-deficiency anemia?
,A. Calcium
B. Iron
C. Sodium
D. Potassium
Answer: B. Iron
Rationale:
Iron is a major component of hemoglobin, which transports oxygen in the blood. Insufficient iron
intake or absorption can lead to reduced red blood cell production and anemia.
Question 4
Which of the following is considered a complete protein source?
A. Black beans
B. Rice
C. Almonds
D. Eggs
Answer: D. Eggs
Rationale:
Complete proteins contain all nine essential amino acids in sufficient amounts. Eggs are
considered a high-quality complete protein. Most plant proteins are incomplete except for soy
and a few other sources.
Question 5
What is the primary function of dietary fiber?
A. Increase blood glucose levels rapidly
B. Provide essential amino acids
C. Promote digestive health and bowel regularity
D. Supply concentrated energy
Answer: C. Promote digestive health and bowel regularity
Rationale:
Dietary fiber helps prevent constipation, supports gut health, and may reduce the risk of
cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes. Fiber is not digested and does not provide significant
energy.
, Question 6
Which lipoprotein is commonly referred to as "bad cholesterol"?
A. HDL
B. LDL
C. VLDL
D. Chylomicrons
Answer: B. LDL
Rationale:
Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) transports cholesterol to body tissues. Elevated LDL levels can
contribute to plaque formation in arteries, increasing the risk of cardiovascular disease.
Question 7
The Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range (AMDR) for carbohydrates is approximately:
A. 10–20% of total calories
B. 20–35% of total calories
C. 45–65% of total calories
D. 70–90% of total calories
Answer: C. 45–65% of total calories
Rationale:
The AMDR recommends that carbohydrates provide 45–65% of daily caloric intake to ensure
adequate energy while reducing chronic disease risk.
Question 8
Which condition may result from prolonged vitamin C deficiency?
A. Beriberi
B. Pellagra
C. Scurvy
D. Rickets
Answer: C. Scurvy
Rationale:
Vitamin C is essential for collagen synthesis and wound healing. Deficiency causes scurvy,
characterized by bleeding gums, poor wound healing, and fatigue.
121 Nutrition Exam 2 ( 2026
LATEST UPDATE)
Course
BIOD 121 Nutrition Exam 2
Question 1
Which nutrient provides the body's primary source of energy?
A. Protein
B. Carbohydrates
C. Vitamins
D. Water
Answer: B. Carbohydrates
Rationale:
Carbohydrates are the body's preferred energy source. They are broken down into glucose, which
fuels the brain, nervous system, and muscles. Although proteins and fats can provide energy,
carbohydrates are the primary fuel source under normal conditions.
Question 2
Which vitamin is primarily responsible for promoting calcium absorption in the small intestine?
A. Vitamin A
B. Vitamin C
C. Vitamin D
D. Vitamin K
Answer: C. Vitamin D
Rationale:
Vitamin D enhances calcium and phosphorus absorption from the gastrointestinal tract, helping
maintain healthy bones and teeth. Deficiency can result in rickets in children and osteomalacia in
adults.
Question 3
A deficiency of which mineral is most commonly associated with iron-deficiency anemia?
,A. Calcium
B. Iron
C. Sodium
D. Potassium
Answer: B. Iron
Rationale:
Iron is a major component of hemoglobin, which transports oxygen in the blood. Insufficient iron
intake or absorption can lead to reduced red blood cell production and anemia.
Question 4
Which of the following is considered a complete protein source?
A. Black beans
B. Rice
C. Almonds
D. Eggs
Answer: D. Eggs
Rationale:
Complete proteins contain all nine essential amino acids in sufficient amounts. Eggs are
considered a high-quality complete protein. Most plant proteins are incomplete except for soy
and a few other sources.
Question 5
What is the primary function of dietary fiber?
A. Increase blood glucose levels rapidly
B. Provide essential amino acids
C. Promote digestive health and bowel regularity
D. Supply concentrated energy
Answer: C. Promote digestive health and bowel regularity
Rationale:
Dietary fiber helps prevent constipation, supports gut health, and may reduce the risk of
cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes. Fiber is not digested and does not provide significant
energy.
, Question 6
Which lipoprotein is commonly referred to as "bad cholesterol"?
A. HDL
B. LDL
C. VLDL
D. Chylomicrons
Answer: B. LDL
Rationale:
Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) transports cholesterol to body tissues. Elevated LDL levels can
contribute to plaque formation in arteries, increasing the risk of cardiovascular disease.
Question 7
The Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range (AMDR) for carbohydrates is approximately:
A. 10–20% of total calories
B. 20–35% of total calories
C. 45–65% of total calories
D. 70–90% of total calories
Answer: C. 45–65% of total calories
Rationale:
The AMDR recommends that carbohydrates provide 45–65% of daily caloric intake to ensure
adequate energy while reducing chronic disease risk.
Question 8
Which condition may result from prolonged vitamin C deficiency?
A. Beriberi
B. Pellagra
C. Scurvy
D. Rickets
Answer: C. Scurvy
Rationale:
Vitamin C is essential for collagen synthesis and wound healing. Deficiency causes scurvy,
characterized by bleeding gums, poor wound healing, and fatigue.
