NCE and CPCE Study Guide
What does CACREP stand for? - Answer-the Council for the Accreditation and Counseling Related
Educational Programs
What does CCE stand for? - Answer-Center for Credentialing and Education, inc
What does REBT stand for and who is the main theorist associated with it? - Answer-Rational Emotive
Behavioral Therapy; Ellis.
Name Freud's Psychosexual stages of development. - Answer-Oral, Anal, Phallic, Latent, and Genital.
(Mnemonic device: Oh, Anthony, Please Let's Go!)
Describe Erik Erikson's stages. - Answer-Erik Erikson is an Ego psychologist and a disciple of Freud. His 8
stages focus on social relationships, therefore they are called psychosocial. Each stage has a crisis that
must be overcome in order to move on to the next stage. His stages are Trust v. Mistrust; Autonomy v.
Shame/doubt; Industry v. Inferiority; Initiative vs. Guilt; Identity v. Role confusion; Intimacy v. Isolation;
Generativity vs. Stagnation; Integrity vs. Despair. (Mnemonic device: The Air In Iceland Is Icy, Greenland
Isn't.)
define psychometric. - Answer-pertaining to mental testing and measurement
define psychodiagnostic - Answer-the study of personality through interpretation of behavior and non-
verbal cues; or labeling a client in a diagnostic category.
define psychopharmacology - Answer-the study of the effects drugs have on psychological functions.
,What is the id? - Answer-the basic instinct principle in Freudian theory. It is the seat of aggression and
sexual impulse. It is devoid of logic and time orientation. It is chaotic and bodily focused.
What is the ego? - Answer-this is the reality principle in Freudian theory. It indicates power of reasoning
and control over behavior. It helps keep the impulses of the id in check.
What is the superego? - Answer-the superego is the moralistic and idealistic principle in the Freudian
theory.
Which group of theorists believe "if you can't measure it, it doesn't exist"? - Answer-Behaviorists. They
focus on O.O.B. The observable, objective behaviors. (My AP psych teacher in HS called it the O.O.B.
tampon. gross, but it helped me remember it!)
Who is the only psychoanalyst with a developmental theory that covered the entire lifespan? - Answer-
Erik Erikson's Psychosocial stages covered the entire lifespan. Each stage has a crisis or turning point.
What theory is A. A. Brill associated with? - Answer-Career theory
Milton H. Erickson is associated with... - Answer-Brief psychotherapy and hypnosis.
What field is Jean Piaget associated with? - Answer-Cognitive Child Development
Who is Jay Haley and what is the nature of his contribution to counseling? - Answer-Haley is most
famous for his work on strategic and problem-solving therapy, more specifically with his use of the
paradox technique. He also studied with Milton Erickson.
Arnold Lazarus - Answer-He is a known behavioral therapist who worked specifically with methods of
desensitization and phobias. He is most associated with Multimodal Therapy.
, William Perry - Answer-He is known for his work in adult cognitive development, specifically with college
students. He worked a lot with the concept of "dualistic thinking" among college students, where
everything is either black or white. (Memory technique: think of Katy Perry's song Hot and Cold to
associate Perry with dualism.)
Ed Neukrug - Answer-Also a cognitive developmentalist. His work is similar to Perry's. He noted that
college students initially think that their professor has all the answers (dualistic), but gradually get to a
more relativistic way of thinking and realize that answers exist that are relative to a given situation.
(Memory technique: "What do you THINK about Ed nuking the rug??" Think= cognitive dev, Ed
Neukrug.)
Robert Kegan - Answer-Yet another adult cognitive developmentalist. SPecifically with interpersonal
development. His theory was called the Constructive Model of Development- people construct reality
throughout the lifespan.
What are Piaget's stages of Cognitive Development in order? - Answer-Sensorimotor; Preoperational;
Concrete; Formal. These stages must occur in order, but may be experienced at varying ages.
What is the major critique of Jean Piaget's research? - Answer-He spent too much time observing his
own kids, and thus drawing his conclusions from a small, specific, population.
Who formulated the very first intelligence test? - Answer-Alfred Binet. In France. Oh la la!
What is a t test? - Answer-Also known as the Student's t, it is a statistical test used in formal experiments
to determine if a statistical significance exists between the means of two normally distributed groups.
Define Conservation. - Answer-A substance's mass, weight, and volume remain the same even if it
changes shape. It most likely refers to volume and mass, though. A child who has not mastered this
concept will not have flexible thinking. (Mastered during Piaget's Concrete Operational stage 7-11 years)
What does CACREP stand for? - Answer-the Council for the Accreditation and Counseling Related
Educational Programs
What does CCE stand for? - Answer-Center for Credentialing and Education, inc
What does REBT stand for and who is the main theorist associated with it? - Answer-Rational Emotive
Behavioral Therapy; Ellis.
Name Freud's Psychosexual stages of development. - Answer-Oral, Anal, Phallic, Latent, and Genital.
(Mnemonic device: Oh, Anthony, Please Let's Go!)
Describe Erik Erikson's stages. - Answer-Erik Erikson is an Ego psychologist and a disciple of Freud. His 8
stages focus on social relationships, therefore they are called psychosocial. Each stage has a crisis that
must be overcome in order to move on to the next stage. His stages are Trust v. Mistrust; Autonomy v.
Shame/doubt; Industry v. Inferiority; Initiative vs. Guilt; Identity v. Role confusion; Intimacy v. Isolation;
Generativity vs. Stagnation; Integrity vs. Despair. (Mnemonic device: The Air In Iceland Is Icy, Greenland
Isn't.)
define psychometric. - Answer-pertaining to mental testing and measurement
define psychodiagnostic - Answer-the study of personality through interpretation of behavior and non-
verbal cues; or labeling a client in a diagnostic category.
define psychopharmacology - Answer-the study of the effects drugs have on psychological functions.
,What is the id? - Answer-the basic instinct principle in Freudian theory. It is the seat of aggression and
sexual impulse. It is devoid of logic and time orientation. It is chaotic and bodily focused.
What is the ego? - Answer-this is the reality principle in Freudian theory. It indicates power of reasoning
and control over behavior. It helps keep the impulses of the id in check.
What is the superego? - Answer-the superego is the moralistic and idealistic principle in the Freudian
theory.
Which group of theorists believe "if you can't measure it, it doesn't exist"? - Answer-Behaviorists. They
focus on O.O.B. The observable, objective behaviors. (My AP psych teacher in HS called it the O.O.B.
tampon. gross, but it helped me remember it!)
Who is the only psychoanalyst with a developmental theory that covered the entire lifespan? - Answer-
Erik Erikson's Psychosocial stages covered the entire lifespan. Each stage has a crisis or turning point.
What theory is A. A. Brill associated with? - Answer-Career theory
Milton H. Erickson is associated with... - Answer-Brief psychotherapy and hypnosis.
What field is Jean Piaget associated with? - Answer-Cognitive Child Development
Who is Jay Haley and what is the nature of his contribution to counseling? - Answer-Haley is most
famous for his work on strategic and problem-solving therapy, more specifically with his use of the
paradox technique. He also studied with Milton Erickson.
Arnold Lazarus - Answer-He is a known behavioral therapist who worked specifically with methods of
desensitization and phobias. He is most associated with Multimodal Therapy.
, William Perry - Answer-He is known for his work in adult cognitive development, specifically with college
students. He worked a lot with the concept of "dualistic thinking" among college students, where
everything is either black or white. (Memory technique: think of Katy Perry's song Hot and Cold to
associate Perry with dualism.)
Ed Neukrug - Answer-Also a cognitive developmentalist. His work is similar to Perry's. He noted that
college students initially think that their professor has all the answers (dualistic), but gradually get to a
more relativistic way of thinking and realize that answers exist that are relative to a given situation.
(Memory technique: "What do you THINK about Ed nuking the rug??" Think= cognitive dev, Ed
Neukrug.)
Robert Kegan - Answer-Yet another adult cognitive developmentalist. SPecifically with interpersonal
development. His theory was called the Constructive Model of Development- people construct reality
throughout the lifespan.
What are Piaget's stages of Cognitive Development in order? - Answer-Sensorimotor; Preoperational;
Concrete; Formal. These stages must occur in order, but may be experienced at varying ages.
What is the major critique of Jean Piaget's research? - Answer-He spent too much time observing his
own kids, and thus drawing his conclusions from a small, specific, population.
Who formulated the very first intelligence test? - Answer-Alfred Binet. In France. Oh la la!
What is a t test? - Answer-Also known as the Student's t, it is a statistical test used in formal experiments
to determine if a statistical significance exists between the means of two normally distributed groups.
Define Conservation. - Answer-A substance's mass, weight, and volume remain the same even if it
changes shape. It most likely refers to volume and mass, though. A child who has not mastered this
concept will not have flexible thinking. (Mastered during Piaget's Concrete Operational stage 7-11 years)
