NR-224 Fundamentals of Nursing
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1. A nurse is preparing to administer medication. Which action is the priority?
A. Documenting after administration
B. Checking the patient’s allergies
C. Educating the patient about side effects
D. Assessing pain level
Answer: B. Checking the patient’s allergies ✔
*Rationale: The first priority in medication administration is verifying patient safety,
including allergies to prevent adverse reactions.
2. Which hand hygiene method is most appropriate when hands are visibly soiled?
A. Alcohol-based hand rub
B. Waterless antiseptic
C. Soap and water
D. Chlorhexidine wipe
Answer: C. Soap and water ✔
*Rationale: Soap and water are required when hands are visibly soiled or contaminated
with spores.
3. A patient is at risk for pressure injuries. What is the best nursing intervention?
A. Massage bony prominences
B. Reposition every 2 hours
C. Keep bed flat at all times
D. Restrict fluid intake
Answer: B. Reposition every 2 hours ✔
*Rationale: Regular repositioning reduces prolonged pressure and prevents tissue
breakdown.
, 4. Which vital sign change indicates possible hypoxia?
A. Bradycardia
B. Elevated oxygen saturation
C. Cyanosis
D. Increased appetite
Answer: C. Cyanosis ✔
*Rationale: Cyanosis indicates low oxygen levels in the blood.
5. A nurse is assessing pain. Which scale is most appropriate for a conscious adult?
A. FLACC scale
B. Numeric rating scale
C. APGAR score
D. Braden scale
Answer: B. Numeric rating scale ✔
*Rationale: The 0–10 numeric scale is standard for adult pain assessment.
6. What is the first step in the nursing process?
A. Diagnosis
B. Planning
C. Assessment
D. Implementation
Answer: C. Assessment ✔
*Rationale: The nursing process begins with data collection and assessment.
7. Which is a sign of infection?
A. Pale skin
B. Elevated white blood cells
C. Bradycardia
D. Hypothermia
Answer: B. Elevated white blood cells ✔
*Rationale: Increased WBC count indicates infection or inflammation.
8. What is the correct angle for intramuscular injection in adults?
A. 15°
B. 30°
C. 45°
D. 90°
Answer: D. 90° ✔
*Rationale: IM injections are given at 90° for proper muscle penetration.
, 9. Which patient position is used for a rectal examination?
A. Sims’ position
B. Fowler’s position
C. Lithotomy position
D. Prone position
Answer: A. Sims’ position ✔
*Rationale: Sims’ position provides access to the rectal area.
10. What is the most important action to prevent hospital-acquired infections?
A. Wearing gloves at all times
B. Hand hygiene
C. Using antibiotics
D. Limiting visitors
Answer: B. Hand hygiene ✔
*Rationale: Proper hand hygiene is the single most effective infection control measure.
11. A patient is short of breath. What is the nurse’s first action?
A. Obtain oxygen saturation
B. Call the physician
C. Elevate head of bed
D. Document symptoms
Answer: C. Elevate head of bed ✔
*Rationale: Positioning improves airway expansion immediately.
12. Which pulse site is used for assessing circulation in the foot?
A. Radial
B. Carotid
C. Pedal
D. Brachial
Answer: C. Pedal ✔
*Rationale: The pedal pulse assesses lower limb circulation.
13. What is a priority safety measure for a confused patient?
A. Side rails up
B. Restraints without order
C. Bed in high position
D. Leaving patient alone
Answer: A. Side rails up ✔
*Rationale: Side rails help prevent falls and injury.
, 14. Which solution is isotonic?
A. 0.9% Normal saline
B. 5% dextrose in water
C. 0.45% saline
D. Sterile water
Answer: A. 0.9% Normal saline ✔
*Rationale: It has the same osmolarity as blood plasma.
15. What is the correct site for adult IM injection?
A. Abdomen
B. Deltoid
C. Scapula
D. Forearm
Answer: B. Deltoid ✔
*Rationale: The deltoid is commonly used for vaccines.
16. Which is a sterile procedure?
A. Bed bath
B. Urinary catheter insertion
C. Feeding a patient
D. Vital signs
Answer: B. Urinary catheter insertion ✔
*Rationale: It requires aseptic technique to prevent infection.
17. A nurse hears crackles in lungs. This indicates:
A. Fluid in alveoli
B. Normal breath sounds
C. Airway obstruction in trachea
D. Low blood pressure
Answer: A. Fluid in alveoli ✔
*Rationale: Crackles suggest fluid accumulation or pneumonia.
18. What is the normal adult respiratory rate?
A. 6–10
B. 12–20
C. 22–30
D. 30–40
Answer: B. 12–20 ✔
*Rationale: Normal adult respiration is 12–20 breaths/min.
Certification Exam Newest 2025-2026
Update Practice Questions Fast Reviwed
From Actual Exams 170 Questions And
100% Verified Answers With Convenient
Explanations Grade A+ Q&A | Instant
Download Pdf
1. A nurse is preparing to administer medication. Which action is the priority?
A. Documenting after administration
B. Checking the patient’s allergies
C. Educating the patient about side effects
D. Assessing pain level
Answer: B. Checking the patient’s allergies ✔
*Rationale: The first priority in medication administration is verifying patient safety,
including allergies to prevent adverse reactions.
2. Which hand hygiene method is most appropriate when hands are visibly soiled?
A. Alcohol-based hand rub
B. Waterless antiseptic
C. Soap and water
D. Chlorhexidine wipe
Answer: C. Soap and water ✔
*Rationale: Soap and water are required when hands are visibly soiled or contaminated
with spores.
3. A patient is at risk for pressure injuries. What is the best nursing intervention?
A. Massage bony prominences
B. Reposition every 2 hours
C. Keep bed flat at all times
D. Restrict fluid intake
Answer: B. Reposition every 2 hours ✔
*Rationale: Regular repositioning reduces prolonged pressure and prevents tissue
breakdown.
, 4. Which vital sign change indicates possible hypoxia?
A. Bradycardia
B. Elevated oxygen saturation
C. Cyanosis
D. Increased appetite
Answer: C. Cyanosis ✔
*Rationale: Cyanosis indicates low oxygen levels in the blood.
5. A nurse is assessing pain. Which scale is most appropriate for a conscious adult?
A. FLACC scale
B. Numeric rating scale
C. APGAR score
D. Braden scale
Answer: B. Numeric rating scale ✔
*Rationale: The 0–10 numeric scale is standard for adult pain assessment.
6. What is the first step in the nursing process?
A. Diagnosis
B. Planning
C. Assessment
D. Implementation
Answer: C. Assessment ✔
*Rationale: The nursing process begins with data collection and assessment.
7. Which is a sign of infection?
A. Pale skin
B. Elevated white blood cells
C. Bradycardia
D. Hypothermia
Answer: B. Elevated white blood cells ✔
*Rationale: Increased WBC count indicates infection or inflammation.
8. What is the correct angle for intramuscular injection in adults?
A. 15°
B. 30°
C. 45°
D. 90°
Answer: D. 90° ✔
*Rationale: IM injections are given at 90° for proper muscle penetration.
, 9. Which patient position is used for a rectal examination?
A. Sims’ position
B. Fowler’s position
C. Lithotomy position
D. Prone position
Answer: A. Sims’ position ✔
*Rationale: Sims’ position provides access to the rectal area.
10. What is the most important action to prevent hospital-acquired infections?
A. Wearing gloves at all times
B. Hand hygiene
C. Using antibiotics
D. Limiting visitors
Answer: B. Hand hygiene ✔
*Rationale: Proper hand hygiene is the single most effective infection control measure.
11. A patient is short of breath. What is the nurse’s first action?
A. Obtain oxygen saturation
B. Call the physician
C. Elevate head of bed
D. Document symptoms
Answer: C. Elevate head of bed ✔
*Rationale: Positioning improves airway expansion immediately.
12. Which pulse site is used for assessing circulation in the foot?
A. Radial
B. Carotid
C. Pedal
D. Brachial
Answer: C. Pedal ✔
*Rationale: The pedal pulse assesses lower limb circulation.
13. What is a priority safety measure for a confused patient?
A. Side rails up
B. Restraints without order
C. Bed in high position
D. Leaving patient alone
Answer: A. Side rails up ✔
*Rationale: Side rails help prevent falls and injury.
, 14. Which solution is isotonic?
A. 0.9% Normal saline
B. 5% dextrose in water
C. 0.45% saline
D. Sterile water
Answer: A. 0.9% Normal saline ✔
*Rationale: It has the same osmolarity as blood plasma.
15. What is the correct site for adult IM injection?
A. Abdomen
B. Deltoid
C. Scapula
D. Forearm
Answer: B. Deltoid ✔
*Rationale: The deltoid is commonly used for vaccines.
16. Which is a sterile procedure?
A. Bed bath
B. Urinary catheter insertion
C. Feeding a patient
D. Vital signs
Answer: B. Urinary catheter insertion ✔
*Rationale: It requires aseptic technique to prevent infection.
17. A nurse hears crackles in lungs. This indicates:
A. Fluid in alveoli
B. Normal breath sounds
C. Airway obstruction in trachea
D. Low blood pressure
Answer: A. Fluid in alveoli ✔
*Rationale: Crackles suggest fluid accumulation or pneumonia.
18. What is the normal adult respiratory rate?
A. 6–10
B. 12–20
C. 22–30
D. 30–40
Answer: B. 12–20 ✔
*Rationale: Normal adult respiration is 12–20 breaths/min.
