NUR565 ]- ]ADVANCED ]PHARMACOLOGY ] MIDTERM (2026) ]QUESTIONS ]WITH ]100% ]CORRECT ]DETAILED ]ANSWERS!!!

NUR565 - ADVANCED PHARMACOLOG
] ] ]




Y ]




MIDTERM
(2026) QUESTIONS WITH 100% CORRE
] ] ] ]




CT DETAILED ANSWERS!!!
] ]




During ]what ]trimester ]is ]a ]pregnant ]woman ]most ]at ]risk ]for ]adverse ]drug ]reactions ]with ]potenti
al ]long ]term ]consequences? ]- ]correct ]answer: ]1st ]trimester ](fetus ]most ]at ]risk ]d/t ]rapid ]growth)



What ]is ]BEERS ]criteria? ]- ]correct ]answer: ]Recommendations ]of ]medications ]inappropriate ]for ]el
derly ](65 ]and ]older), ]prescriber ]ultimately ]decides



What ]is ]the ]CYP450 ]
(cytochrome ]P450) ]- ]correct ]answer: ]liver ]enzyme ]system ]where ]medications ]are ]metabolized, ]c
an ]either ]be ]inducers ]or ]inhibitors ]and ]create ]drug-drug ]interactions



CYP450 ]inducers ]- ]correct ]answer: ]Speed ]up ]metabolism ]of ]drugs ]
(drug ]is ]cleared ]faster), ]drug ]has ]lesser ]effect ]
(decrease ]blood ]levels ]of ]drug), ]elevate ]CYP450 ]enzymes



CYP450 ]inducers ]pneumonic ]- ]correct ]answer: ]"Bullshit ]Crap ]GPS ]INDUCES ]rage"



CYP450 ]inducer ]drug ]names ]- ]correct ]answer: ]Barbituates, ]St ]John ]wort, ]Carbamazepine, ]rifampi
n, ]alcohol, ]phenytoin, ]griseofulvin, ]phenobarbital, ]sulfonylureas



CYP450 ]inhibitors ]- ]correct ]answer: ]inhibit ]metabolism, ]increase ]blood ]levels ]of ]medications

,CYP450 ]pneumonic ]- ]correct ]answer: ]"VISA ]credit ]card ]debt ]INHIBITS ]spending ]on ]designers ]like ]
CK ]to ]look ]GQ"



CYP450 ]inhibitors ]drug ]names ]- ]correct ]answer: ]Valproate, ]isoniazid, ]sulfonamides, ]amiodarone,
]chloramphenicol, ]ketoconazole, ]grapefruit ]juice, ]quinidine




Physiological ]changes ]during ]pregnancy ]that ]impact ]pharmacodynamics ]and ]pharmacokinetic ]pr
operties ]of ]drugs? ]- ]correct ]answer: ]increase ]glomerular ]filtration ]rate ]leads ]to ]increase ]durg ]exc
retion ]

increase ]hepatic ]metabolism

decrease ]tone ]and ]motility ]of ]bowel

increase ]drug ]absorption



Examples ]of ]medications ]that ]can ]be ]teratogenic ]- ]correct ]answer: ]Antiepileptic ]drugs, ]antimicro
bials ]such ]as ]tetracyclines ]and ]fluoroquinolones, ]vitamin ]A ]in ]large ]doses, ]some ]anticoagulants, ]
and ]hormonal ]medications ]such ]as ]diethylstilbestrol ](DES).



How ]is ]absorption ]of ]intramuscular ]medications ]different ]in ]neonates? ]- ]correct ]answer: ]slow ]an
d ]erratic ]due ]to ]low ]blood ]flow ]in ]muscles ]first ]few ]days ]of ]life



Why ]is ]absorption ]of ]medication ]in ]the ]stomach ]increased ]in ]infancy? ]- ]correct ]answer: ]delayed ]
gastric ]emptying



Some ]medications ]that ]should ]be ]avoided ]in ]the ]pediatric ]patient? ]- ]correct ]answer: ]glucocortic
oids, ]discoloration ]of ]developing ]teeth ]with ]tetracyclines, ]and ]kernicterus ]with ]sulfonamides, ]lev
ofloxacin ](antibiotics) ]

aspirin ](Severe ]intoxication ]from ]acute ]overdose)



what ]should ]be ]included ]in ]medication ]administration ]patient ]education? ]- ]correct ]answer: ]dosa
ge ]size ]and ]timing

,route ]and ]technique ]of ]administration

duration ]of ]treatment

drug ]storage

nature ]and ]time ]course ]of ]desired ]responses

nature ]and ]time ]course ]of ]adverse ]responses

finish ]taking ]antibiotic



What ]are ]some ]things ]that ]put ]the ]elderly ]patient ]at ]higher ]risk ]for ]adverse ]drug ]reactions? ]- ]cor
rect ]answer: ]reduced ]renal ]function ]

polypharmacy ](the ]use ]of ]five ]or ]more ]medications ]daily)

greater ]severity ]of ]illness

presence ]of ]comorbidities

use ]of ]drugs ]that ]have ]a ]low ]therapeutic ]index ](e.g., ]digoxin)

increased ]individual ]variation ]secondary ]to ]altered ]pharmacokinetics

inadequate ]supervision ]of ]long-term ]therapy

poor ]patient ]adherence



How ]can ]healthcare ]providers ]decrease ]likelihood ]of ]an ]elderly ]patient ]experiencing ]an ]adverse ]
drug ]reaction? ]- ]correct ]answer: ]obtaining ]a ]thorough ]drug ]history ]that ]includes ]over-the-
counter ]medications

considering ]pharmacokinetic ]and ]pharmacodynamics ]changes ]due ]to ]age

monitoring ]the ]patient's ]clinical ]response ]and ]plasma ]drug ]levels

using ]the ]simplest ]regimen ]possible

monitoring ]for ]drug-drug ]interactions ]and ]iatrogenic ]illness

periodically ]reviewing ]the ]need ]for ]continued ]drug ]therapy

encouraging ]the ]patient ]to ]dispose ]of ]old ]medications

taking ]steps ]to ]promote ]adherence ]and ]to ]avoid ]drugs ]on ]the ]Beers ]list

, How ]can ]we ]promote ]medication ]adherence ]with ]elderly ]patients? ]- ]correct ]answer: ]simplifying ]
drug ]regimens

providing ]clear ]and ]concise ]verbal ]and ]written ]instructions

using ]an ]appropriate ]dosage ]form

clearly ]labeling ]and ]dispensing ]easy-to-open ]containers

developing ]daily ]reminders

monitoring ]frequently

affordability ]of ]drugs

support ]systems



Why ]do ]nitrates ]need ]to ]be ]taken ]no ]later ]than ]4 ]PM? ]- ]correct ]answer: ]Need ]nitrate ]free ]interv
al ]so ]tolerance ]doesn't ]develop



Nine ]factors ]that ]impact ]outcome ]of ]medication? ]- ]correct ]answer: ]Gender ]and ]race

Genetics ]and ]pharmacogenomics

Variability ]in ]absorption

placebo ]effect

Tolerance

patho

age

bodyweight



Do ]you ]need ]informed ]consent ]for ]genetic ]testing? ]- ]correct ]answer: ]yes