ACLS STUDY PRETEST
REVIEWED QUESTIONS
AND CORRECT ANSWERS
GRADED A+ 2025-2026
Chain of survival - ANS-a sequence of actions that maximize the victim's chances of
survival
Chain of Survival (order of events) - ANS-1. Early recognition and call for help
2. Early CPR to buy time
3. Early Defibrillation to restart the heart
4. Post resuscitation care to restore quality of life
ROSC - ANS-Return of spontaneous circulation
What are the three components of CPR - ANS-A: Airway assessment and management
B: Breathing assessment and management
C: Circulation assessment and management
What is the age of an infant, a child and an adult? - ANS-Infant: <1 year
Child: 1-8years
Adult: >9 years
Children over the age of 9 should be treated as adults.
What does DRS ABC Stand for? - ANS-Danger
Response
,Send for help
Airway
Breathing
CPR/circulation
Defib
Process of checking airway in an arrest - ANS-Open airway
Check for foreign material (remove with suction or hooked index finger) remove ill
fitting dentures.
Attempt head tilt, chin lift (Just chin lift in infants). If unsuccessful use jaw thrust
What steps do you follow to assess breathing - ANS-LOOK for movement of the chest
or upper abdomen
LISTEN for the escape of air from the mouth or nose
FEEL for air movement at the nose or mouth
What rate should compressions to breaths be performed for CPR? - ANS-30
compressions:2 Breaths for an adult
15 Compressions: 2 breaths for a child
If there are any signs of breathing, CPR should not be commenced, true or false? - ANS-
False, Signs of abnormal or agonal breathing should prompt the need for CPR
When may mouth to nose technique be used for rescue breaths? - ANS-If the persons
jaw is tightly clenched or in an infant/small child.
Why does NZ encourage the use of rescue breaths when other countries encourage
compression only CPR? - ANS-Bystander CPR rates in NZ are high (60%)
In children, survival is improved if CPR is combined with rescue breaths.
, As a coastal country, we have many drownings. in the case of drowning, rescue breaths
are beneficial.
How do chest compressions produce cardiac output? - ANS-Increase in generalised
thoracic pressure and/or direct compression of the heart allows for blood to flow back
into the heart.
What should the rate of compressions be for CPR? - ANS-100-120 per minute
regardless of age.
When should chest compressions be interrupted? - ANS-Chest compressions should
only be interrupted for vital interventions such as defibrillation and rescue breaths.
What technique should be used for infants when performing CPR? - ANS-Two finger
compressions if only one rescuer is present. If more than one rescuer present then use
the encircling technique.
How often should rescuers alternate turns for compressions? - ANS-Every 2 minutes to
reduce fatigue
What should be given for severe airway obstruction? - ANS-If unresponsive send for
help and commence CPR.
If patient is responsive, send for help give up to 5 back blows. If ineffective give 5
chest thrusts. Repeat until obstruction is cleared. If patient becomes unresponsive
commence CPR.
What Should be done in the case of mild airway obstruction? - ANS-Send for help,
encourage coughing and continue to check on the patient.
What are the criteria for anaphylaxis? - ANS-1. Acute onset of illness plus skin and/or
mucosal involvement and at least one of the following: Respiratory compromise,
reduced BP or associated en organ dysfunction (e.g faintness)
2. 2 or more of the following within minutes to hours of exposure to a likely allergen:
skin/mucosal involvement, respiratory compromise, reduced BP and associated
symptoms, persistent GI issues
REVIEWED QUESTIONS
AND CORRECT ANSWERS
GRADED A+ 2025-2026
Chain of survival - ANS-a sequence of actions that maximize the victim's chances of
survival
Chain of Survival (order of events) - ANS-1. Early recognition and call for help
2. Early CPR to buy time
3. Early Defibrillation to restart the heart
4. Post resuscitation care to restore quality of life
ROSC - ANS-Return of spontaneous circulation
What are the three components of CPR - ANS-A: Airway assessment and management
B: Breathing assessment and management
C: Circulation assessment and management
What is the age of an infant, a child and an adult? - ANS-Infant: <1 year
Child: 1-8years
Adult: >9 years
Children over the age of 9 should be treated as adults.
What does DRS ABC Stand for? - ANS-Danger
Response
,Send for help
Airway
Breathing
CPR/circulation
Defib
Process of checking airway in an arrest - ANS-Open airway
Check for foreign material (remove with suction or hooked index finger) remove ill
fitting dentures.
Attempt head tilt, chin lift (Just chin lift in infants). If unsuccessful use jaw thrust
What steps do you follow to assess breathing - ANS-LOOK for movement of the chest
or upper abdomen
LISTEN for the escape of air from the mouth or nose
FEEL for air movement at the nose or mouth
What rate should compressions to breaths be performed for CPR? - ANS-30
compressions:2 Breaths for an adult
15 Compressions: 2 breaths for a child
If there are any signs of breathing, CPR should not be commenced, true or false? - ANS-
False, Signs of abnormal or agonal breathing should prompt the need for CPR
When may mouth to nose technique be used for rescue breaths? - ANS-If the persons
jaw is tightly clenched or in an infant/small child.
Why does NZ encourage the use of rescue breaths when other countries encourage
compression only CPR? - ANS-Bystander CPR rates in NZ are high (60%)
In children, survival is improved if CPR is combined with rescue breaths.
, As a coastal country, we have many drownings. in the case of drowning, rescue breaths
are beneficial.
How do chest compressions produce cardiac output? - ANS-Increase in generalised
thoracic pressure and/or direct compression of the heart allows for blood to flow back
into the heart.
What should the rate of compressions be for CPR? - ANS-100-120 per minute
regardless of age.
When should chest compressions be interrupted? - ANS-Chest compressions should
only be interrupted for vital interventions such as defibrillation and rescue breaths.
What technique should be used for infants when performing CPR? - ANS-Two finger
compressions if only one rescuer is present. If more than one rescuer present then use
the encircling technique.
How often should rescuers alternate turns for compressions? - ANS-Every 2 minutes to
reduce fatigue
What should be given for severe airway obstruction? - ANS-If unresponsive send for
help and commence CPR.
If patient is responsive, send for help give up to 5 back blows. If ineffective give 5
chest thrusts. Repeat until obstruction is cleared. If patient becomes unresponsive
commence CPR.
What Should be done in the case of mild airway obstruction? - ANS-Send for help,
encourage coughing and continue to check on the patient.
What are the criteria for anaphylaxis? - ANS-1. Acute onset of illness plus skin and/or
mucosal involvement and at least one of the following: Respiratory compromise,
reduced BP or associated en organ dysfunction (e.g faintness)
2. 2 or more of the following within minutes to hours of exposure to a likely allergen:
skin/mucosal involvement, respiratory compromise, reduced BP and associated
symptoms, persistent GI issues
