EEOB 2520 EXAM 1 QUESTIONS WITH
SOLVED SOLUTIONS 2026/2027
ATP and ADP - ANSWERSATP <--> ADP + Pi + E
ATP synthesis - ANSWERSglucose + O2 + ADP + Pi --> ATP + H2O + CO2 + heat
CO2 Hydrolysis - ANSWERSCO2 + H2O <--> HCO3- + H+
undifferentiated - ANSWERSunspecialized cells
differentiated - ANSWERSspecialized cells
differentiation - ANSWERSthe process of turning unspecialized cells into specialized
ones
4 major categories of cells: - ANSWERS- muscle
- nerve
- epithelial
- connective
muscle cell - ANSWERSgenerate mechanical force
skeletal, smooth and cardiac
nerve cell - ANSWERSinitiate and conduct electrical signals to signal other nerve cells
or "run" other body parts
epithelial cell - ANSWERS- regulates interactions with environment (selective
secretion/absorption of ions/organic molecules)
- protection of body
- form boundaries between compartments and are selective barriers for regulating
molecule exchange
connective cell - ANSWERSconnect, anchor and support other cells ("helps" other 3
groups) -- provides energy, nutrients, stability, etc. (blood, bone, fat/adipose)
tissue - ANSWERSgrouping of similarly specialized cells
4 categories of tissues: - ANSWERS- muscle
- nerve
- epithelial
- connective
, organ - ANSWERScombination of tissues (different variations/proportions of the 4 tissue
groups and how they're placed in the organ)
functional unit - ANSWERSsmallest part of organ that still does the job (such as
nephron for kidney)
- many in a group -- more effective
- heart is its own
- redundancy of them allows for organ to work even if some are lost/damaged
- expansion -- addition of more of them without stopping to increase efficiency of organ
organ system - ANSWERSorgans with common function that work together on a certain
task
- can contain other organ systems (immune contains circulatory because of WBC)
extracellular components: - ANSWERS- matrix
- fluid compartments
extracellular matrix - ANSWERSprovides structure ("scaffolding" for cell attachments)
and regulates information transfer (through chemical messengers)
parts of extracellular matrix proteins: - ANSWERS- fibers
- nonfibrous components
fibers - ANSWERSlong, thin proteins (main component) -- collagen (rope-like -- most
common fiber) and elastin (rubber-band like)
nonfibrous components - ANSWERScarbohydrate (sugar) dominant; branching
components that serve as adhesion/recognition molecules between cells (links in the
communication between extracellular messenger and cell)
3 major fluid compartments: - ANSWERS- intracellular fluid
- interstitial fluid
- plasma
intracellular fluid - ANSWERScytosol; within cells (2/3 total water in body)
interstitial fluid (IF) - ANSWERSin space between cells -- actual "external environment"
of cells (1/4 total water in body)
plasma - ANSWERSfluid in blood vessels (1/10 of total water in body)
barriers to divide 3 fluid compartments: - ANSWERS- cell membrane -- IF and cytosol
- capillary wall -- plasma and IF
SOLVED SOLUTIONS 2026/2027
ATP and ADP - ANSWERSATP <--> ADP + Pi + E
ATP synthesis - ANSWERSglucose + O2 + ADP + Pi --> ATP + H2O + CO2 + heat
CO2 Hydrolysis - ANSWERSCO2 + H2O <--> HCO3- + H+
undifferentiated - ANSWERSunspecialized cells
differentiated - ANSWERSspecialized cells
differentiation - ANSWERSthe process of turning unspecialized cells into specialized
ones
4 major categories of cells: - ANSWERS- muscle
- nerve
- epithelial
- connective
muscle cell - ANSWERSgenerate mechanical force
skeletal, smooth and cardiac
nerve cell - ANSWERSinitiate and conduct electrical signals to signal other nerve cells
or "run" other body parts
epithelial cell - ANSWERS- regulates interactions with environment (selective
secretion/absorption of ions/organic molecules)
- protection of body
- form boundaries between compartments and are selective barriers for regulating
molecule exchange
connective cell - ANSWERSconnect, anchor and support other cells ("helps" other 3
groups) -- provides energy, nutrients, stability, etc. (blood, bone, fat/adipose)
tissue - ANSWERSgrouping of similarly specialized cells
4 categories of tissues: - ANSWERS- muscle
- nerve
- epithelial
- connective
, organ - ANSWERScombination of tissues (different variations/proportions of the 4 tissue
groups and how they're placed in the organ)
functional unit - ANSWERSsmallest part of organ that still does the job (such as
nephron for kidney)
- many in a group -- more effective
- heart is its own
- redundancy of them allows for organ to work even if some are lost/damaged
- expansion -- addition of more of them without stopping to increase efficiency of organ
organ system - ANSWERSorgans with common function that work together on a certain
task
- can contain other organ systems (immune contains circulatory because of WBC)
extracellular components: - ANSWERS- matrix
- fluid compartments
extracellular matrix - ANSWERSprovides structure ("scaffolding" for cell attachments)
and regulates information transfer (through chemical messengers)
parts of extracellular matrix proteins: - ANSWERS- fibers
- nonfibrous components
fibers - ANSWERSlong, thin proteins (main component) -- collagen (rope-like -- most
common fiber) and elastin (rubber-band like)
nonfibrous components - ANSWERScarbohydrate (sugar) dominant; branching
components that serve as adhesion/recognition molecules between cells (links in the
communication between extracellular messenger and cell)
3 major fluid compartments: - ANSWERS- intracellular fluid
- interstitial fluid
- plasma
intracellular fluid - ANSWERScytosol; within cells (2/3 total water in body)
interstitial fluid (IF) - ANSWERSin space between cells -- actual "external environment"
of cells (1/4 total water in body)
plasma - ANSWERSfluid in blood vessels (1/10 of total water in body)
barriers to divide 3 fluid compartments: - ANSWERS- cell membrane -- IF and cytosol
- capillary wall -- plasma and IF
