NSG 533 Advanced Pharmacology Exam 2
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_ds1sd3
1. pain the most common symptom prompting
patients to visit primary care providers.
More than 80% of patients who visit physi-
cians report pain. Often remains under
treated.
2. nociceptive pain pain from a normal process that results in
noxious stimuli being perceived as painful.
Explained by ongoing tissue injury.
thermal, mechanical and chemical no-
ciceptors that engage "withdrawal" re-
flex followed by inflammatory response to
protect injured tissue
3. functional pain pain sensitivity due to an abnormal pro-
cessing or function of the central nervous
system in response to normal stimuli
4. neruopathic pain Pain caused by lesions or other damage to
the nervous system.
5. Diabetic peripheral neuropathy progressive deterioration of nerve func-
tion that results in loss of sensory percep-
tion
6. acute pain is pain that occurs as a result of injury or
surgery, under 3 months. Poorly treated
acute pain can cause psychological stress
and compromise the immune system. So-
matic acute pain is an injury to skin, bone,
joint, muscle and connective tissue. Viscer-
al pain involves injury to nerves on internal
, NSG 533 Advanced Pharmacology Exam 2
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_ds1sd3
organs. Treat aggressively. Examples: cut
hand, menstrual cramps.
7. chronic pain can be intermittent or persistent, more
than 3 months. Main affects include a)
effects on physical function b) psycholog-
ical changes c) social consequences and
d) societal consequences. Usually involv-
ing life threatening diseases such as can-
cers, aids, progressive neurological dis-
eases, end stage organ failure, dementia.
Management should be multimodal with
cognitive interventions, physical manipu-
lations, pharmacological agents, surgical
interventions, and regional or spinal anes-
thesia.
8. chronic malignant pain Painn is associated with a progressive
life-threatening disease like cancer, aids,
neurologic diseases, end stage organ fail-
ure, and dementia. Goal is pain alleviation
and prevention. Dependence or addiction
is not a concern. Pain not associated with
life threatening disease and lasting more
than 6 months beyond the healing period
is referred to as "chronic nonmalignant
pain."
9. What are some non-pharmacological ap- imagery, distraction, relaxation, psy-
proaches to pain? chotherapy, biofeedback, cognitive be-
havioral therapy, support groups, and
spiritual counseling. Physical therapy,
, NSG 533 Advanced Pharmacology Exam 2
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_ds1sd3
heat, cold, water, ultrasound, TENS, mas-
sage and therapeutic exercise.
10. WHO 3 step analgesic ladder * 1- nonopioid
* 2 - opioid for mild to moderate pain
* 3 - opioid for moderate to severe pain
11. WHO first step pain ladder mild pain/nonopioid analgesics such as
NSAIDS or acetaminophen w/ or w/out
adjuvants (such as pregablin) .. "sore-
ness." Med examples: apap 1000mg q
6hrs, ibu600mg q6 hrs
12. NSAIDs Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.
associated with several clinically significant
contraindications and drug interactions.
NSAIDS are equally effective in analgesia,
antipyretic and anti-inflammatory effects.
Choice should include STEPS (simplicity,
tolerability, evidence, price, safety). If pa-
tient fails therapy with an agent from one
class of NSAIDs, use of an agent from an-
other class is reasonable.
13. COX2 inhibitors Celecoxib (Celebrex) selective agents
(celecoxib) have ideal indication in pa-
tients with high risk for GI bleed,
high intolerance of non-selective NSAIDS,
or treatment failure with non-selective
agents. NSAIDs are of minimal value in
neuropathic pain. NSAIDs produce a flat
dose response curve (celling effect) with
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_ds1sd3
1. pain the most common symptom prompting
patients to visit primary care providers.
More than 80% of patients who visit physi-
cians report pain. Often remains under
treated.
2. nociceptive pain pain from a normal process that results in
noxious stimuli being perceived as painful.
Explained by ongoing tissue injury.
thermal, mechanical and chemical no-
ciceptors that engage "withdrawal" re-
flex followed by inflammatory response to
protect injured tissue
3. functional pain pain sensitivity due to an abnormal pro-
cessing or function of the central nervous
system in response to normal stimuli
4. neruopathic pain Pain caused by lesions or other damage to
the nervous system.
5. Diabetic peripheral neuropathy progressive deterioration of nerve func-
tion that results in loss of sensory percep-
tion
6. acute pain is pain that occurs as a result of injury or
surgery, under 3 months. Poorly treated
acute pain can cause psychological stress
and compromise the immune system. So-
matic acute pain is an injury to skin, bone,
joint, muscle and connective tissue. Viscer-
al pain involves injury to nerves on internal
, NSG 533 Advanced Pharmacology Exam 2
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_ds1sd3
organs. Treat aggressively. Examples: cut
hand, menstrual cramps.
7. chronic pain can be intermittent or persistent, more
than 3 months. Main affects include a)
effects on physical function b) psycholog-
ical changes c) social consequences and
d) societal consequences. Usually involv-
ing life threatening diseases such as can-
cers, aids, progressive neurological dis-
eases, end stage organ failure, dementia.
Management should be multimodal with
cognitive interventions, physical manipu-
lations, pharmacological agents, surgical
interventions, and regional or spinal anes-
thesia.
8. chronic malignant pain Painn is associated with a progressive
life-threatening disease like cancer, aids,
neurologic diseases, end stage organ fail-
ure, and dementia. Goal is pain alleviation
and prevention. Dependence or addiction
is not a concern. Pain not associated with
life threatening disease and lasting more
than 6 months beyond the healing period
is referred to as "chronic nonmalignant
pain."
9. What are some non-pharmacological ap- imagery, distraction, relaxation, psy-
proaches to pain? chotherapy, biofeedback, cognitive be-
havioral therapy, support groups, and
spiritual counseling. Physical therapy,
, NSG 533 Advanced Pharmacology Exam 2
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_ds1sd3
heat, cold, water, ultrasound, TENS, mas-
sage and therapeutic exercise.
10. WHO 3 step analgesic ladder * 1- nonopioid
* 2 - opioid for mild to moderate pain
* 3 - opioid for moderate to severe pain
11. WHO first step pain ladder mild pain/nonopioid analgesics such as
NSAIDS or acetaminophen w/ or w/out
adjuvants (such as pregablin) .. "sore-
ness." Med examples: apap 1000mg q
6hrs, ibu600mg q6 hrs
12. NSAIDs Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.
associated with several clinically significant
contraindications and drug interactions.
NSAIDS are equally effective in analgesia,
antipyretic and anti-inflammatory effects.
Choice should include STEPS (simplicity,
tolerability, evidence, price, safety). If pa-
tient fails therapy with an agent from one
class of NSAIDs, use of an agent from an-
other class is reasonable.
13. COX2 inhibitors Celecoxib (Celebrex) selective agents
(celecoxib) have ideal indication in pa-
tients with high risk for GI bleed,
high intolerance of non-selective NSAIDS,
or treatment failure with non-selective
agents. NSAIDs are of minimal value in
neuropathic pain. NSAIDs produce a flat
dose response curve (celling effect) with
