Advanced Pharmacology Final Exam
] ] ] ]
(2026) Review Questions and Correct A
] ] ] ]] ]
nswers ]]
Why ]are ]nitrate-free ]periods ]every ]24 ]hours ]necessary ]for ]the ]patient ]on ]nitroglycerin ]therapy? ]-
]correct ]answer: ]To ]inhibit ]the ]development ]of ]tolerance
What ]does ]a ]low ]level ]of ]thyroid-
stimulating ]hormone ]indicate? ]- ]correct ]answer: ]Hyperthyroidism
What ]would ]be ]the ]best ]option ]to ]treat ]a ]newly ]diagnosed ]patient ]with ]a ]low ]TSH ]level ]with? ]- ]c
orrect ]answer: ]Propranolol ](Inderal)
Spironolactone ](Aldactone) ]has ]what ]mechanism ]of ]action ]
(MOA)? ]- ]correct ]answer: ]Aldosterone ]antagonist
Heparin ]exerts ]its ]therapeutic ]action ]by ]what? ]- ]correct ]answer: ]Upregulating ]the ]activity ]of ]one ]
of ]the ]body's ]natural ]anticoagulant ]molecules, ]antithrombin ]III
What ]physiologic ]action ]happens ]when ]the ]offending ]drug ]is ]administered ]during ]an ]anaphylacti
c ]reaction. ]- ]correct ]answer: ]Mast ]cells ]liberate ]large ]doses ]of ]histamine.
What ]are ]two ]systemic ]psoriasis ]medications? ]- ]correct ]answer: ]Photo-
therapy ]and ]topical ]corticosteroids
What ]is ]the ]first ]choice ]of ]drug ]therapy ]for ]the ]majority ]of ]patients ]with ]uncomplicated ]stage ]I ]h
ypertension? ]- ]correct ]answer: ]Thiazide ]diuretics
, What ]is ]the ]effect ]of ]cardiac ]glycosides? ]- ]correct ]answer: ]Digitalis ]glycosides ]have ]a ]negative ]chr
onotropic ]effect ]on ]the ]cardiac ]muscle ]cells.
Amenorrhea ]is ]the ]most ]common ]side ]effect ]of ]which ]birth ]control ]medication? ]- ]correct ]answe
r: ]Medroxyprogesterone ](Depo-Provera)
What ]is ]an ]anti-hypertensive ]agent ]which ]competes ]with ]epinephrine ]for ]available ]beta-
receptor ]sites? ]- ]correct ]answer: ]Atenolol ](Tenormin)
What ]type ]of ]action ]does ]nitrates ]have ]on ]the ]body? ]- ]correct ]answer: ]Reduction ]in ]systemic ]ven
ous ]tone.
What ]is ]the ]recommended ]level ]of ]low-density ]lipoprotein ]cholesterol ]
(LDL) ]for ]patients ]with ]known ]coronary ]artery ]disease? ]- ]correct ]answer: ]100mg/dl ]or ]less.
What ]is ]the ]MOA ]of ]group ]IV ]anti-
dysrhythmia ]drugs? ]- ]correct ]answer: ]Depressing ]phase ]4 ]depolarization ]and ]lengthening ]phases
]1 ]and ]2 ]repolarization.
Which ]drug ]therapy ]should ]be ]used ]to ]lower ]the ]serum ]concentration ]of ]thyroid ]hormones ]and ]
re-establish ]ametabolic ]state ]in ]a ]patient ]with ]Graves' ]disease? ]- ]correct ]answer: ]Anti-
thyroid ]drugs.
Which ]type ]of ]diuretic ]would ]be ]used ]for ]a ]stage ]I ]hypertension ]in ]a ]patient ]with ]renal ]insufficie
ncy? ]- ]correct ]answer: ]Loop ]diuretic.
What ]drug ]should ]be ]considered ]as ]first-
line ]therapy ]for ]a ]client ]with ]hypertension ]and ]heart ]failure? ]- ]correct ]answer: ]Enalapril ]
(Vasotec)
] ] ] ]
(2026) Review Questions and Correct A
] ] ] ]] ]
nswers ]]
Why ]are ]nitrate-free ]periods ]every ]24 ]hours ]necessary ]for ]the ]patient ]on ]nitroglycerin ]therapy? ]-
]correct ]answer: ]To ]inhibit ]the ]development ]of ]tolerance
What ]does ]a ]low ]level ]of ]thyroid-
stimulating ]hormone ]indicate? ]- ]correct ]answer: ]Hyperthyroidism
What ]would ]be ]the ]best ]option ]to ]treat ]a ]newly ]diagnosed ]patient ]with ]a ]low ]TSH ]level ]with? ]- ]c
orrect ]answer: ]Propranolol ](Inderal)
Spironolactone ](Aldactone) ]has ]what ]mechanism ]of ]action ]
(MOA)? ]- ]correct ]answer: ]Aldosterone ]antagonist
Heparin ]exerts ]its ]therapeutic ]action ]by ]what? ]- ]correct ]answer: ]Upregulating ]the ]activity ]of ]one ]
of ]the ]body's ]natural ]anticoagulant ]molecules, ]antithrombin ]III
What ]physiologic ]action ]happens ]when ]the ]offending ]drug ]is ]administered ]during ]an ]anaphylacti
c ]reaction. ]- ]correct ]answer: ]Mast ]cells ]liberate ]large ]doses ]of ]histamine.
What ]are ]two ]systemic ]psoriasis ]medications? ]- ]correct ]answer: ]Photo-
therapy ]and ]topical ]corticosteroids
What ]is ]the ]first ]choice ]of ]drug ]therapy ]for ]the ]majority ]of ]patients ]with ]uncomplicated ]stage ]I ]h
ypertension? ]- ]correct ]answer: ]Thiazide ]diuretics
, What ]is ]the ]effect ]of ]cardiac ]glycosides? ]- ]correct ]answer: ]Digitalis ]glycosides ]have ]a ]negative ]chr
onotropic ]effect ]on ]the ]cardiac ]muscle ]cells.
Amenorrhea ]is ]the ]most ]common ]side ]effect ]of ]which ]birth ]control ]medication? ]- ]correct ]answe
r: ]Medroxyprogesterone ](Depo-Provera)
What ]is ]an ]anti-hypertensive ]agent ]which ]competes ]with ]epinephrine ]for ]available ]beta-
receptor ]sites? ]- ]correct ]answer: ]Atenolol ](Tenormin)
What ]type ]of ]action ]does ]nitrates ]have ]on ]the ]body? ]- ]correct ]answer: ]Reduction ]in ]systemic ]ven
ous ]tone.
What ]is ]the ]recommended ]level ]of ]low-density ]lipoprotein ]cholesterol ]
(LDL) ]for ]patients ]with ]known ]coronary ]artery ]disease? ]- ]correct ]answer: ]100mg/dl ]or ]less.
What ]is ]the ]MOA ]of ]group ]IV ]anti-
dysrhythmia ]drugs? ]- ]correct ]answer: ]Depressing ]phase ]4 ]depolarization ]and ]lengthening ]phases
]1 ]and ]2 ]repolarization.
Which ]drug ]therapy ]should ]be ]used ]to ]lower ]the ]serum ]concentration ]of ]thyroid ]hormones ]and ]
re-establish ]ametabolic ]state ]in ]a ]patient ]with ]Graves' ]disease? ]- ]correct ]answer: ]Anti-
thyroid ]drugs.
Which ]type ]of ]diuretic ]would ]be ]used ]for ]a ]stage ]I ]hypertension ]in ]a ]patient ]with ]renal ]insufficie
ncy? ]- ]correct ]answer: ]Loop ]diuretic.
What ]drug ]should ]be ]considered ]as ]first-
line ]therapy ]for ]a ]client ]with ]hypertension ]and ]heart ]failure? ]- ]correct ]answer: ]Enalapril ]
(Vasotec)
