NUR 242 MED SURG EXAM 1 LATEST ACTUAL EXAM 250 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS WITH RATIONALES|ALREADY GRADED A+

NUR 242 MED SURG EXAM 1 LATEST ACTUAL EXAM 250 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS WITH RATIONALES|ALREADY GRADED A+ Four Major subgroups of Late Adulthood - ANSWER️65 - 74 young old 75 - 84 middle old 85 - 99 old old 100 and older elite old Lifestyle and Practice to Promote Wellness older adults - ANSWER️Yearly flu vaccine pneumococcal vaccine Shingles vaccine tetanus and booster every 10 years wear seat belts alcohol in moderation avoid smoking smoke detectors prevent falls - waxed floors and scattered rugs medications as prescribed avoid OTC medications unless primary care phyisican directs Yearly physicial regular exercise socialization reminisce Common health Issues and Concerns older adults - ANSWER️Decreased nutrition and hydration Decreased mobility Stress and loss Accidents - falls most common/MVA Drug use and misuse Mental health/cognition problems (including substance abuse) Elder neglect and abuse GFTT ( Geriatric Failure To Thrive) Complex Syndrome - ANSWER️Under nutrition Impaired mobility Depression Cognitive impairment Changes in Dark skin - Inflammation - ANSWER️- Compare effective area with non affected area for increased warmth -examine skin of affected area to determine whether it is shiny or taut or pits with pressure - Compare the skin color of affected area with the same area on the opposite side of the body - palpate the affected area and compare it with unaffected area to determine whether texture is different (affected area may feel hard or "woody" Changes in Dark skin - Jaundice - ANSWER️- Check for yellow tinge to oral mucous membranes, especially the hard palate - examine the sclera nearest to the iris rather than the corners of the eye Changes in Dark skin - Bleeding - ANSWER️- Compare the affected area with the same area on the unaffected body side for swelling or skin darkening - if the patient has thrombocytopenia, petechiae may be present on the oral mucosa or conjunctiva Nail assessment - nail color - ANSWER️White - chronic liver disease or kidney disease - shock - anemia - early arteriosclerotic changes (toenails) - myocardial infarction Yellow - brown - Jaundice - peripheral lymphedema - bacterial or fungal infections of the nail - psoriasis - diabetes - cardiac failure - staining from tobacco, nail polish, or dyes - long term tetracycline therapy - normal aging (yellow - gray color) Red - normal finding in dark skinned patients - nevus or melanoma of nail matrix in light skinned patients Thin red vertical lines - bacterial endocarditis - trichinosis - trauma to nail bed - normal finding in some patients Blue - Cardiac insufficiency - polycythemia vera - respiratory failure - methemoglobinuria - venous stasis disease (toenails) what are the 5 principles of ethical reasoning? - ANSWER️autonomy, paternalism, utility, veracity, confidentiality what are the 5 ethical principles? - ANSWER️respect for persons, non maleficence, beneficence, social justice, fidelity what aew the 4 ethical theories? - ANSWER️ethics of duty, ethics of consequences, ethics of character, ethics of relationship what are the 4 moral issues faced by nurses? - ANSWER️moral indifference, moral uncertainty, moral conflict, moral outrage ______ _____/______ _____= leaders are born, not made. when a situation requires leadership, prior education or special prep doesnt occur (traits: confidence, decisiveness, friendly) what are the 4 attributes? - ANSWER️Great Man/Trait Theory 4 attributes: attributes: honesty, forward looking, inspiring, competent _______ _______= effective leaders use different behaviors than ineffective leaders (high concern for employee needs, task accomplishment, organized) - ANSWER️behavioral leadership ________ and ________ ______= some leadership approaches are effective in one situation and not in others. Education and training enhance this leadership- challenges assumption that there is "one best way to lead" - ANSWER️situational and contingency theory _______ and _______ ______= assumption that leaders inspire, intellectually stimulate and recognize contributions of their followers (charm, motivate, encourage performance, trust to achieve) - ANSWER️charismatic and transformational theory ____ ______= assumes interconnectedness among parts of a system and between the system and its external environment interaction among the interconnected parts can effect the entire system - ANSWER️complexity leadership _______ ______ _____= setting in which most nurses work. formal nurse leaders play important role. clinical nurses usually frontline. nursing practice geared toward delivery of healthcare ____________= attribute of effective leaders- leaders who communicate; helps with understanding direction and decision-making _____ _____= process of connecting healthcare services and resources to patient- crucial for leaders to contribute ______= essential within and among organization within and across disciplines- essential to efficient organization. skilled nurses encourage this and model it- it also enhances communication and delivery of care - ANSWER️healthcare organizations communication care coordination collaboration