2026/2027
NR 565 Week III Exam
Preparation and Comprehensive
Study Guide for Advanced
Pharmacology Concepts 2026/2027
QUESTION 1: Transtheoretical Model
of Behavior Change
A nurse is educating a patient on smoking cessation and assesses readiness to change.
Which model best explains the stages the patient will pass through before
permanently quitting smoking?
A. Health Belief Model
B. Transtheoretical Model
C. Ecological Model
D. Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs
Correct Answer: B. Transtheoretical Model
Rationale: The Transtheoretical Model describes behavior change as a process that
occurs in stages: precontemplation, contemplation, preparation, action, maintenance,
and termination or relapse. It is widely used in smoking cessation and lifestyle
modification. Option A focuses on beliefs rather than staged change. Option C
examines environmental influences at multiple levels, not readiness stages. Option D
prioritizes human needs rather than behavior change processes.
QUESTION 2: Health Belief Model
A patient refuses vaccination because they believe they are unlikely to get the disease.
Which model explains this behavior?
A. Role Performance Model
B. Health Belief Model
C. Adaptive Model
D. Clinical Model
Correct Answer: B. Health Belief Model
,2026/2027
Rationale: The Health Belief Model explains health behaviors based on a person’s
perceptions of susceptibility, severity, benefits, and barriers. The patient’s belief that
they are unlikely to get the disease reflects perceived susceptibility. The other models
focus on roles, adaptation, or absence of disease rather than belief-driven behavior.
QUESTION 3: Ecological Model of
Health
The ecological model of health emphasizes:
A. Genetic inheritance only
B. Individual responsibility alone
C. Multiple levels of influence on health behavior
D. Disease treatment in hospitals
Correct Answer: C. Multiple levels of influence on health behavior
Rationale: The ecological model considers health as influenced by individual,
interpersonal, organizational, community, and policy levels. Options A, B, and D are
overly narrow and do not capture the multi-level framework.
QUESTION 4: Maslow’s Hierarchy of
Needs
Which need must be met first according to Maslow?
A. Self-esteem
B. Safety
C. Physiological needs
D. Self-actualization
Correct Answer: C. Physiological needs
Rationale: Physiological needs such as oxygen, food, and hydration are the most basic
and must be met before higher-level needs. Safety, esteem, and self-actualization
occur later in the hierarchy.
QUESTION 5: Holistic Health Model
Which statement best describes the Holistic Health Model?
,2026/2027
A. Focuses only on disease symptoms
B. Views mind, body, and spirit as interconnected
C. Emphasizes hospital-based care only
D. Prioritizes medication over lifestyle
Correct Answer: B. Views mind, body, and spirit as interconnected
Rationale: Holistic health considers the whole person including physical, emotional,
spiritual, and environmental factors. Options A, C, and D are reductionist and do not
reflect holistic care principles.
QUESTION 6: Clinical Model of
Health
The clinical model of health is primarily defined as:
A. Ability to perform social roles
B. Absence of disease
C. Spiritual well-being
D. Environmental adaptation
Correct Answer: B. Absence of disease
Rationale: The clinical model defines health strictly as the absence of disease or
pathology. It does not emphasize prevention, adaptation, or role functioning.
QUESTION 7: Role Performance Model
A patient is considered healthy if they can:
A. Maintain normal lab values
B. Perform expected social roles
C. Avoid all medications
D. Achieve spiritual enlightenment
Correct Answer: B. Perform expected social roles
Rationale: The role performance model defines health as the ability to fulfill social,
family, and work roles. Other options are unrelated to this framework.
, 2026/2027
QUESTION 8: Adaptive Model of
Health
Health in the adaptive model is defined as:
A. No disease present
B. Ability to adjust to changes
C. Normal blood pressure only
D. Hospital discharge status
Correct Answer: B. Ability to adjust to changes
Rationale: The adaptive model focuses on how well individuals adjust to
physiological, mental, and social changes. It is not limited to disease absence or
clinical measures.
QUESTION 9: Maslow Self-
Actualization
Self-actualization refers to:
A. Basic survival needs
B. Achieving personal potential
C. Financial security
D. Physical safety
Correct Answer: B. Achieving personal potential
Rationale: Self-actualization is the highest level in Maslow’s hierarchy and involves
personal growth, fulfillment, and reaching full potential.
QUESTION 10: Florence Nightingale
Contribution
Florence Nightingale is best known for:
A. Developing antibiotics
B. Establishing modern nursing and sanitation principles
C. Discovering vaccines
D. Creating surgical techniques
NR 565 Week III Exam
Preparation and Comprehensive
Study Guide for Advanced
Pharmacology Concepts 2026/2027
QUESTION 1: Transtheoretical Model
of Behavior Change
A nurse is educating a patient on smoking cessation and assesses readiness to change.
Which model best explains the stages the patient will pass through before
permanently quitting smoking?
A. Health Belief Model
B. Transtheoretical Model
C. Ecological Model
D. Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs
Correct Answer: B. Transtheoretical Model
Rationale: The Transtheoretical Model describes behavior change as a process that
occurs in stages: precontemplation, contemplation, preparation, action, maintenance,
and termination or relapse. It is widely used in smoking cessation and lifestyle
modification. Option A focuses on beliefs rather than staged change. Option C
examines environmental influences at multiple levels, not readiness stages. Option D
prioritizes human needs rather than behavior change processes.
QUESTION 2: Health Belief Model
A patient refuses vaccination because they believe they are unlikely to get the disease.
Which model explains this behavior?
A. Role Performance Model
B. Health Belief Model
C. Adaptive Model
D. Clinical Model
Correct Answer: B. Health Belief Model
,2026/2027
Rationale: The Health Belief Model explains health behaviors based on a person’s
perceptions of susceptibility, severity, benefits, and barriers. The patient’s belief that
they are unlikely to get the disease reflects perceived susceptibility. The other models
focus on roles, adaptation, or absence of disease rather than belief-driven behavior.
QUESTION 3: Ecological Model of
Health
The ecological model of health emphasizes:
A. Genetic inheritance only
B. Individual responsibility alone
C. Multiple levels of influence on health behavior
D. Disease treatment in hospitals
Correct Answer: C. Multiple levels of influence on health behavior
Rationale: The ecological model considers health as influenced by individual,
interpersonal, organizational, community, and policy levels. Options A, B, and D are
overly narrow and do not capture the multi-level framework.
QUESTION 4: Maslow’s Hierarchy of
Needs
Which need must be met first according to Maslow?
A. Self-esteem
B. Safety
C. Physiological needs
D. Self-actualization
Correct Answer: C. Physiological needs
Rationale: Physiological needs such as oxygen, food, and hydration are the most basic
and must be met before higher-level needs. Safety, esteem, and self-actualization
occur later in the hierarchy.
QUESTION 5: Holistic Health Model
Which statement best describes the Holistic Health Model?
,2026/2027
A. Focuses only on disease symptoms
B. Views mind, body, and spirit as interconnected
C. Emphasizes hospital-based care only
D. Prioritizes medication over lifestyle
Correct Answer: B. Views mind, body, and spirit as interconnected
Rationale: Holistic health considers the whole person including physical, emotional,
spiritual, and environmental factors. Options A, C, and D are reductionist and do not
reflect holistic care principles.
QUESTION 6: Clinical Model of
Health
The clinical model of health is primarily defined as:
A. Ability to perform social roles
B. Absence of disease
C. Spiritual well-being
D. Environmental adaptation
Correct Answer: B. Absence of disease
Rationale: The clinical model defines health strictly as the absence of disease or
pathology. It does not emphasize prevention, adaptation, or role functioning.
QUESTION 7: Role Performance Model
A patient is considered healthy if they can:
A. Maintain normal lab values
B. Perform expected social roles
C. Avoid all medications
D. Achieve spiritual enlightenment
Correct Answer: B. Perform expected social roles
Rationale: The role performance model defines health as the ability to fulfill social,
family, and work roles. Other options are unrelated to this framework.
, 2026/2027
QUESTION 8: Adaptive Model of
Health
Health in the adaptive model is defined as:
A. No disease present
B. Ability to adjust to changes
C. Normal blood pressure only
D. Hospital discharge status
Correct Answer: B. Ability to adjust to changes
Rationale: The adaptive model focuses on how well individuals adjust to
physiological, mental, and social changes. It is not limited to disease absence or
clinical measures.
QUESTION 9: Maslow Self-
Actualization
Self-actualization refers to:
A. Basic survival needs
B. Achieving personal potential
C. Financial security
D. Physical safety
Correct Answer: B. Achieving personal potential
Rationale: Self-actualization is the highest level in Maslow’s hierarchy and involves
personal growth, fulfillment, and reaching full potential.
QUESTION 10: Florence Nightingale
Contribution
Florence Nightingale is best known for:
A. Developing antibiotics
B. Establishing modern nursing and sanitation principles
C. Discovering vaccines
D. Creating surgical techniques
