NURS 5315 EXAM 2 (UTA) NEWEST 2026 ACTUAL
EXAM TEST BANK| NURS5315 ADVANCED
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM 2 REVIEW WITH
COMPLETE 350 REAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT VERIFIED ANSWERS/ ALREADY GRADED
A+ (MOST RECENT!!)
What contributes to antibiotic-resistant pathogens?
a) Inadequate sanitation
b) Genetic mutation
c) Loss of multidrug transporters
d) Limited use of antibiotics – Correct Answer - b) Genetic mutation
Antibiotic resistance usually results from genetic mutations in the
microorganism that can be directly transmitted to neighboring
microorganisms. Sanitation and clean drinking water can help control
infection. Multidrug transporters on the microorganism's membrane
affect the rate of intracellular accumulation of antibiotics by preventing
entrance or increasing the efflux of the antibiotic into the cell. Overuse
of antibiotics can lead to the destruction of the normal flora and selective
overgrowth of antibiotic-resistant strains.
When does secondary vaccine failure occur?
a) When toxoids are not administered
b) When bacteriophages are administered
c) When routine vaccinations are not administered
d)When booster immunizations are not administered – Correct Answer -
d)When booster immunizations are not administered
pg. 1
,Secondary vaccine failure results if appropriate booster immunizations
are not administered. Many adults vaccinated against diseases that are
more severe in childhood will not get routine boosters. Although not
developing debilitating illness, they may become asymptomatic carriers
and infect unvaccinated children. Toxoids are purified toxins that have
been chemically detoxified without loss of immunogenicity.
Bacteriophages are viruses that specifically infect bacteria; these are
used to treat antibiotic resistance.
Which are the stages of pathologic infection? (Select all that apply.)
a) Invasion
b) Death
c) Colonization
d) Metastasis
e) Multiplication – Correct Answer - a) Invasion
c) Colonization
e) Multiplication
The stages of pathologic infection include colonization, invasion, spread,
and multiplication. Death and metastasis are not stages of pathologic
infection.Awarded 1.0 points out of 1.0 possible points.
Which are mechanisms of antigenic variation? (Select all that apply.)
a) Siderophoric switching
b) Mutation
c) Recombination
d) Gene switching – Correct Answer - b) Mutation
c) Recombination
pg. 2
,d) Gene switching
Mutation, recombination, and gene switching all are forms of antigenic
variation. Siderophores are iron receptors on bacteria that assist in
replication, and they have nothing to do with antigenic variation.
Which mechanisms are used by viruses to evade the immune response?
(Select all that apply.)
a) Rapid division
b) Antigenic specificity
c) Self-protein coat
d) Immune suppression
e) Lipopolysaccharide – Correct Answer - a) Rapid division
d) Immune suppression
Viruses have developed a number of ways to evade the immune system,
including rapid division, the ability to survive inside a host cell, coating
the viral capsid with self-antigens from the host cell, antigenic variation,
neutralization of immune complexes, complement evasion, immune
suppression, and tissue damage.
Which statement is true regarding the constituents of blood?
a) Plasma is made up of 90% dissolved substances and 10% water.
b) Blood volume in adults is approximately 6 quarts.
c) Plasma accounts for 10% of blood volume.
d) Plasma and serum are identical in composition. – Correct Answer - b)
Blood volume in adults is approximately 6 quarts.
The adult blood volume is approximately 5.5 L or 6 quarts. Plasma is
made up of 8% dissolved substances and 92% water. Plasma accounts
pg. 3
, for 50% to 55% of blood volume. Plasma differs from serum in that
serum is altered in the laboratory by removing fibrinogen and other
clotting factors.
Which blood component is responsible for the critical colloid oncotic
pressure?
a) Immunoglobulins
b) Albumin
c) Gamma globulins
d) Clotting factors – Correct Answer - b) Albumin
Albumin molecules are large and do not freely diffuse through the
vascular endothelium, and therefore maintain the critical colloidal
osmotic pressure (or oncotic pressure) that regulates the passage of
water and solutes into the surrounding tissues. The immunoglobulins,
including gamma globulins, are responsible for fighting infection.
Clotting factors are responsible for the clotting cascade and the
formation of blood clots.
Which cells are the predominant cells of early inflammation?
a) Monocyte
b) Neutrophil
c) Basophil
d) Eosinophil – Correct Answer - b) Neutrophil
The neutrophil is the earliest cell involved in inflammation. Soon after
bacterial invasion or tissue injury, neutrophils migrate out of the
capillaries and into the inflamed site. Monocytes, basophils, and
eosinophils may be part of the inflammatory response but are not the
earliest cellular response. Monocytes may mature into macrophages in
the circulation and migrate out of the vessels in response to infection or
pg. 4
EXAM TEST BANK| NURS5315 ADVANCED
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM 2 REVIEW WITH
COMPLETE 350 REAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT VERIFIED ANSWERS/ ALREADY GRADED
A+ (MOST RECENT!!)
What contributes to antibiotic-resistant pathogens?
a) Inadequate sanitation
b) Genetic mutation
c) Loss of multidrug transporters
d) Limited use of antibiotics – Correct Answer - b) Genetic mutation
Antibiotic resistance usually results from genetic mutations in the
microorganism that can be directly transmitted to neighboring
microorganisms. Sanitation and clean drinking water can help control
infection. Multidrug transporters on the microorganism's membrane
affect the rate of intracellular accumulation of antibiotics by preventing
entrance or increasing the efflux of the antibiotic into the cell. Overuse
of antibiotics can lead to the destruction of the normal flora and selective
overgrowth of antibiotic-resistant strains.
When does secondary vaccine failure occur?
a) When toxoids are not administered
b) When bacteriophages are administered
c) When routine vaccinations are not administered
d)When booster immunizations are not administered – Correct Answer -
d)When booster immunizations are not administered
pg. 1
,Secondary vaccine failure results if appropriate booster immunizations
are not administered. Many adults vaccinated against diseases that are
more severe in childhood will not get routine boosters. Although not
developing debilitating illness, they may become asymptomatic carriers
and infect unvaccinated children. Toxoids are purified toxins that have
been chemically detoxified without loss of immunogenicity.
Bacteriophages are viruses that specifically infect bacteria; these are
used to treat antibiotic resistance.
Which are the stages of pathologic infection? (Select all that apply.)
a) Invasion
b) Death
c) Colonization
d) Metastasis
e) Multiplication – Correct Answer - a) Invasion
c) Colonization
e) Multiplication
The stages of pathologic infection include colonization, invasion, spread,
and multiplication. Death and metastasis are not stages of pathologic
infection.Awarded 1.0 points out of 1.0 possible points.
Which are mechanisms of antigenic variation? (Select all that apply.)
a) Siderophoric switching
b) Mutation
c) Recombination
d) Gene switching – Correct Answer - b) Mutation
c) Recombination
pg. 2
,d) Gene switching
Mutation, recombination, and gene switching all are forms of antigenic
variation. Siderophores are iron receptors on bacteria that assist in
replication, and they have nothing to do with antigenic variation.
Which mechanisms are used by viruses to evade the immune response?
(Select all that apply.)
a) Rapid division
b) Antigenic specificity
c) Self-protein coat
d) Immune suppression
e) Lipopolysaccharide – Correct Answer - a) Rapid division
d) Immune suppression
Viruses have developed a number of ways to evade the immune system,
including rapid division, the ability to survive inside a host cell, coating
the viral capsid with self-antigens from the host cell, antigenic variation,
neutralization of immune complexes, complement evasion, immune
suppression, and tissue damage.
Which statement is true regarding the constituents of blood?
a) Plasma is made up of 90% dissolved substances and 10% water.
b) Blood volume in adults is approximately 6 quarts.
c) Plasma accounts for 10% of blood volume.
d) Plasma and serum are identical in composition. – Correct Answer - b)
Blood volume in adults is approximately 6 quarts.
The adult blood volume is approximately 5.5 L or 6 quarts. Plasma is
made up of 8% dissolved substances and 92% water. Plasma accounts
pg. 3
, for 50% to 55% of blood volume. Plasma differs from serum in that
serum is altered in the laboratory by removing fibrinogen and other
clotting factors.
Which blood component is responsible for the critical colloid oncotic
pressure?
a) Immunoglobulins
b) Albumin
c) Gamma globulins
d) Clotting factors – Correct Answer - b) Albumin
Albumin molecules are large and do not freely diffuse through the
vascular endothelium, and therefore maintain the critical colloidal
osmotic pressure (or oncotic pressure) that regulates the passage of
water and solutes into the surrounding tissues. The immunoglobulins,
including gamma globulins, are responsible for fighting infection.
Clotting factors are responsible for the clotting cascade and the
formation of blood clots.
Which cells are the predominant cells of early inflammation?
a) Monocyte
b) Neutrophil
c) Basophil
d) Eosinophil – Correct Answer - b) Neutrophil
The neutrophil is the earliest cell involved in inflammation. Soon after
bacterial invasion or tissue injury, neutrophils migrate out of the
capillaries and into the inflamed site. Monocytes, basophils, and
eosinophils may be part of the inflammatory response but are not the
earliest cellular response. Monocytes may mature into macrophages in
the circulation and migrate out of the vessels in response to infection or
pg. 4
