NURS 5315 EXAM 1 (UTA) NEWEST 2026 ACTUAL
EXAM TEST BANK| NURS5315 ADVANCED
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM 1 REVIEW WITH
COMPLETE 400 REAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT VERIFIED ANSWERS/ ALREADY GRADED
A+ (MOST RECENT!!)
Where does the renal excretion of hydrogen occur? - ANSWER - distal
tubule and collecting ducts
What 2 active transport system are used to secrete H - ANSWER - H-
ATPase and H-K-ATPase
How do the 2 transport systems move H to be excreted - ANSWER -
move H into the lumen and move potassium from the lumen into the
cells
what do oncogenes give cancer cells the ability to do? - ANSWER -
provide cancer cells with the ability to secrete growth factors which
stimulate their own growth
How many tumor suppressor genes are there? - in a normal cell -
ANSWER - 2
What are tumor suppressor genes known as - ANSWER - anti-
oncogenes
pg. 1
,Purpose of p53 protein - ANSWER - responsible for monitoring cellular
stress and activating caretaker genes. Also controls cellular senescence,
apoptosis, and surpasses cell division until DNA is repaired
What does having the BRCA gene mean for a person? - ANSWER -
increased risk of ovarian, breast and prostate cancer
_________ occurs when the tumor environment has changed to allow
for transposition of the cancer cells - ANSWER - Metastasis
__________ is the process by which a cancer cell changes to one which
can metastasize - ANSWER - Epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT)
what is a potent stimulus for cancer cells to undergo EMT - ANSWER -
interlukein-8
what do carcinoid tumors secrete? - ANSWER - serotonin - causing
flushing, diarrhea, wheezing and tachycardia
where care carcinoid tumors found? - ANSWER - lungs/GI tract
________ is an imbalance between the amount of energy intake versus
that energy used - ANSWER - cachexia
where does DNA synthesis occur? - ANSWER - S phase of cell
reproduction cycle
pg. 2
,What happens during DNA synthesis? - ANSWER - DNA unwinds,
breaks, builds a new nucleotide chain and mends back together
what enzyme is needed for DNA synthesis - ANSWER - DNA
polymerase
RNA is formed from DNA in a process that is called - ANSWER -
transcription- requires RNA polymerase
Where does transcription occur - ANSWER - cytoplasm
what are the three types of RNA - ANSWER - messenger RNA, transfer
RNA, ribosomal RNA
purpose of messenger RNA - ANSWER - carries information on how to
build a protein
Purpose of Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) - ANSWER - form ribosomes
which are part of the cell that assists with the assembly of proteins
what causes aneuploidy - ANSWER - Nondisjunction (failure of
homologous chromosomes to separate)- gives rise to uneven number of
chromosomes
what are the main types of aneuploidy - ANSWER - monosomy, trisomy
pg. 3
, the state of having one chromosome in a pair missing - ANSWER -
monosomy
what does lack of oxygen do to cell - ANSWER - decrease in
mitochondrial function --> decreased ATP production --> increased
anaerobic metabolism
what does reduction in ATP levels do - ANSWER - impairs sodium-
potassium and sodium-calcium pumps function causing failure
what happens when NA-K and NA-CA pumps fail - ANSWER -
increase in intracellular sodium and calcium which causes potassium to
diffuse out of the cell
what happens due to increased amounts of sodium in the cell.? -
ANSWER - water begins to diffuse into the cell and causes dilation of
ER and malfunctions. Ribosomes detach and protein production ceases
and protein synthesis stops
what does intracellular calcium activate - ANSWER - intracellular
enzymatic pathways which cause damage to entire cell, ATP depletion
and eventually death
what happens with ischemia-reprofusion injury - ANSWER - hydroxyl
radical and hydrogen peroxide is produced causing cell membrane
damage and mitochondrial calcium overload
what function is impaired with ischemia-reprofusion injury - ANSWER -
WBC's
pg. 4
EXAM TEST BANK| NURS5315 ADVANCED
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM 1 REVIEW WITH
COMPLETE 400 REAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT VERIFIED ANSWERS/ ALREADY GRADED
A+ (MOST RECENT!!)
Where does the renal excretion of hydrogen occur? - ANSWER - distal
tubule and collecting ducts
What 2 active transport system are used to secrete H - ANSWER - H-
ATPase and H-K-ATPase
How do the 2 transport systems move H to be excreted - ANSWER -
move H into the lumen and move potassium from the lumen into the
cells
what do oncogenes give cancer cells the ability to do? - ANSWER -
provide cancer cells with the ability to secrete growth factors which
stimulate their own growth
How many tumor suppressor genes are there? - in a normal cell -
ANSWER - 2
What are tumor suppressor genes known as - ANSWER - anti-
oncogenes
pg. 1
,Purpose of p53 protein - ANSWER - responsible for monitoring cellular
stress and activating caretaker genes. Also controls cellular senescence,
apoptosis, and surpasses cell division until DNA is repaired
What does having the BRCA gene mean for a person? - ANSWER -
increased risk of ovarian, breast and prostate cancer
_________ occurs when the tumor environment has changed to allow
for transposition of the cancer cells - ANSWER - Metastasis
__________ is the process by which a cancer cell changes to one which
can metastasize - ANSWER - Epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT)
what is a potent stimulus for cancer cells to undergo EMT - ANSWER -
interlukein-8
what do carcinoid tumors secrete? - ANSWER - serotonin - causing
flushing, diarrhea, wheezing and tachycardia
where care carcinoid tumors found? - ANSWER - lungs/GI tract
________ is an imbalance between the amount of energy intake versus
that energy used - ANSWER - cachexia
where does DNA synthesis occur? - ANSWER - S phase of cell
reproduction cycle
pg. 2
,What happens during DNA synthesis? - ANSWER - DNA unwinds,
breaks, builds a new nucleotide chain and mends back together
what enzyme is needed for DNA synthesis - ANSWER - DNA
polymerase
RNA is formed from DNA in a process that is called - ANSWER -
transcription- requires RNA polymerase
Where does transcription occur - ANSWER - cytoplasm
what are the three types of RNA - ANSWER - messenger RNA, transfer
RNA, ribosomal RNA
purpose of messenger RNA - ANSWER - carries information on how to
build a protein
Purpose of Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) - ANSWER - form ribosomes
which are part of the cell that assists with the assembly of proteins
what causes aneuploidy - ANSWER - Nondisjunction (failure of
homologous chromosomes to separate)- gives rise to uneven number of
chromosomes
what are the main types of aneuploidy - ANSWER - monosomy, trisomy
pg. 3
, the state of having one chromosome in a pair missing - ANSWER -
monosomy
what does lack of oxygen do to cell - ANSWER - decrease in
mitochondrial function --> decreased ATP production --> increased
anaerobic metabolism
what does reduction in ATP levels do - ANSWER - impairs sodium-
potassium and sodium-calcium pumps function causing failure
what happens when NA-K and NA-CA pumps fail - ANSWER -
increase in intracellular sodium and calcium which causes potassium to
diffuse out of the cell
what happens due to increased amounts of sodium in the cell.? -
ANSWER - water begins to diffuse into the cell and causes dilation of
ER and malfunctions. Ribosomes detach and protein production ceases
and protein synthesis stops
what does intracellular calcium activate - ANSWER - intracellular
enzymatic pathways which cause damage to entire cell, ATP depletion
and eventually death
what happens with ischemia-reprofusion injury - ANSWER - hydroxyl
radical and hydrogen peroxide is produced causing cell membrane
damage and mitochondrial calcium overload
what function is impaired with ischemia-reprofusion injury - ANSWER -
WBC's
pg. 4
