Third spacing refers to when the fluid moves into the extravascular spaces:
True
False
Give this one a try later!
TRUE
The nurse is caring for a client postoperative after a thyroidectomy and the client
states "I have a tingling feeling around my mouth." Which of the following data is
priority for the nurse to assess?
a. Bleeding on the client's dressing
b. The presence of Chvostek's sign
c. An elevated serum potassium level
d. A decreased thyroid hormone level
Give this one a try later!
, B Rationale: The client's symptoms indicate possible hypocalcemia, which
can occur secondary to parathyroid injury or removal during
thyroidectomy.
What is the most prominent electrocardiogram (ECG) change associated with
hyperkalemia and with hypokalemia?
Give this one a try later!
Hyperkalemia causes decreased cardiac conduction and more rapid
repolarization of heart muscle. In mild states of hyperkalemia, the more
rapid repolarization is reflected in the ECG as narrow and taller T waves
with a shortened QT interval. Severe hyperkalemia depresses the ST
segment, prolongs the PR interval, and widens the QRS complex as a result
of decreased conduction velocity. The cardiac effects of hypokalemia are
related to changes in membrane excitability. Because potassium
contributes to the repolarization phase of the action potential,
hypokalemia delays ventricular repolarization. The characteristic changes in
the ECG reflect delayed repolarization. For instance, the amplitude of the T
wave is decreased, the amplitude of the U wave is increased, and the ST
segment is depressed. In severe states of hypokalemia, P waves peak, and
the QRS complex is prolonged.
When prone positioning is used in the care of a client with acute respiratory distress
syndrome (ARDS), which of the following information obtained by the nurse indicates
that the positioning is effective?
a) The client's PaO2 is 90 mm Hg, and the SaO2 is 92%.
b) Sputum and blood cultures show no growth after 24 hours.
c) Endotracheal suctioning results in minimal mucous return.
d) The skin on the client's back is intact and without redness.
Give this one a try later!
, A-The purpose of prone positioning is to improve the client's oxygenation
as indicated by the PaO2 and SaO2. The other information will be collected
but does not indicate whether prone positioning has been effective.
What are aquaporins?
Give this one a try later!
Water moves freely by diffusion through the lipid bilayer in cell membrane
through aquaporins, a family of water channel proteins that provide
permeability to water.
The nurse is caring for a client in the outpatient clinic who has a decreased serum
magnesium level. Which of the following assessment areas should the nurse include in
the health history?
a. Use of OTC drugs
b. Intake of dietary protein
c. Multivitamin/mineral use
d. Daily alcohol intake
Give this one a try later!
D Rationale: Hypomagnesemia is associated with alcoholism. Protein intake
would not have a significant effect on magnesium levels. OTC laxatives
(such as milk of magnesia) and multivitamins or mineral supplements would
tend to increase magnesium levels.
What causes isotonic imbalance?
Give this one a try later!
True
False
Give this one a try later!
TRUE
The nurse is caring for a client postoperative after a thyroidectomy and the client
states "I have a tingling feeling around my mouth." Which of the following data is
priority for the nurse to assess?
a. Bleeding on the client's dressing
b. The presence of Chvostek's sign
c. An elevated serum potassium level
d. A decreased thyroid hormone level
Give this one a try later!
, B Rationale: The client's symptoms indicate possible hypocalcemia, which
can occur secondary to parathyroid injury or removal during
thyroidectomy.
What is the most prominent electrocardiogram (ECG) change associated with
hyperkalemia and with hypokalemia?
Give this one a try later!
Hyperkalemia causes decreased cardiac conduction and more rapid
repolarization of heart muscle. In mild states of hyperkalemia, the more
rapid repolarization is reflected in the ECG as narrow and taller T waves
with a shortened QT interval. Severe hyperkalemia depresses the ST
segment, prolongs the PR interval, and widens the QRS complex as a result
of decreased conduction velocity. The cardiac effects of hypokalemia are
related to changes in membrane excitability. Because potassium
contributes to the repolarization phase of the action potential,
hypokalemia delays ventricular repolarization. The characteristic changes in
the ECG reflect delayed repolarization. For instance, the amplitude of the T
wave is decreased, the amplitude of the U wave is increased, and the ST
segment is depressed. In severe states of hypokalemia, P waves peak, and
the QRS complex is prolonged.
When prone positioning is used in the care of a client with acute respiratory distress
syndrome (ARDS), which of the following information obtained by the nurse indicates
that the positioning is effective?
a) The client's PaO2 is 90 mm Hg, and the SaO2 is 92%.
b) Sputum and blood cultures show no growth after 24 hours.
c) Endotracheal suctioning results in minimal mucous return.
d) The skin on the client's back is intact and without redness.
Give this one a try later!
, A-The purpose of prone positioning is to improve the client's oxygenation
as indicated by the PaO2 and SaO2. The other information will be collected
but does not indicate whether prone positioning has been effective.
What are aquaporins?
Give this one a try later!
Water moves freely by diffusion through the lipid bilayer in cell membrane
through aquaporins, a family of water channel proteins that provide
permeability to water.
The nurse is caring for a client in the outpatient clinic who has a decreased serum
magnesium level. Which of the following assessment areas should the nurse include in
the health history?
a. Use of OTC drugs
b. Intake of dietary protein
c. Multivitamin/mineral use
d. Daily alcohol intake
Give this one a try later!
D Rationale: Hypomagnesemia is associated with alcoholism. Protein intake
would not have a significant effect on magnesium levels. OTC laxatives
(such as milk of magnesia) and multivitamins or mineral supplements would
tend to increase magnesium levels.
What causes isotonic imbalance?
Give this one a try later!
