COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE EXAM SCRIPT
2026 COMPREHENSIVE QUESTIONS AND
VERIFIED SOLUTIONS
◉ What is Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS)?
Answer: A technique that delivers a constant low current to the
brain via electrodes placed on the scalp.
◉ What are the effects of anodal stimulation in tDCS?
Answer: It depolarizes neurons under the anode, making them more
likely to initiate action potentials.
◉ What does cathodal stimulation in tDCS do?
Answer: It hyperpolarizes neurons under the cathode, making them
less likely to fire.
◉ What is Transcranial Alternating Current Stimulation (tACS)?
Answer: A method that delivers oscillating electrical currents to
influence brain functions.
◉ What is Transcranial Focused Ultrasound (tFUS)?
, Answer: A technique that uses low-intensity, low-frequency
ultrasound for precise brain stimulation.
◉ What are the advantages of noninvasive brain stimulation
methods?
Answer: They allow within-subjects design, where participants can
serve as their own control.
◉ What is Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI)?
Answer: A method used to visualize white matter tracts in the brain
by measuring the density and motion of water molecules.
◉ What is the significance of white matter tracts?
Answer: They are bundles of myelinated nerve fibers that connect
different brain regions and coordinate neural activity.
◉ What does single-cell neurophysiology measure?
Answer: It measures action potentials produced by individual
neurons to assess changes in their response.
◉ What are intracranial electrodes used for?
Answer: They are used in humans to measure neural activity directly
from the brain.
2026 COMPREHENSIVE QUESTIONS AND
VERIFIED SOLUTIONS
◉ What is Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS)?
Answer: A technique that delivers a constant low current to the
brain via electrodes placed on the scalp.
◉ What are the effects of anodal stimulation in tDCS?
Answer: It depolarizes neurons under the anode, making them more
likely to initiate action potentials.
◉ What does cathodal stimulation in tDCS do?
Answer: It hyperpolarizes neurons under the cathode, making them
less likely to fire.
◉ What is Transcranial Alternating Current Stimulation (tACS)?
Answer: A method that delivers oscillating electrical currents to
influence brain functions.
◉ What is Transcranial Focused Ultrasound (tFUS)?
, Answer: A technique that uses low-intensity, low-frequency
ultrasound for precise brain stimulation.
◉ What are the advantages of noninvasive brain stimulation
methods?
Answer: They allow within-subjects design, where participants can
serve as their own control.
◉ What is Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI)?
Answer: A method used to visualize white matter tracts in the brain
by measuring the density and motion of water molecules.
◉ What is the significance of white matter tracts?
Answer: They are bundles of myelinated nerve fibers that connect
different brain regions and coordinate neural activity.
◉ What does single-cell neurophysiology measure?
Answer: It measures action potentials produced by individual
neurons to assess changes in their response.
◉ What are intracranial electrodes used for?
Answer: They are used in humans to measure neural activity directly
from the brain.
