NSG 122 FUNDAMENTALS OF NURSING EXAM 2 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS (VERIFIED
ANSWERS) PLUS RATIONALES 2026 Q&A | INSTANT DOWNLOAD PDF
CORE DOMAINS
Professional Nursing Standards & Ethics
Legal Principles in Nursing Practice
Infection Control & Safety
Documentation & Health Information Management
Nursing Process: Assessment, Diagnosis, Planning, Implementation, Evaluation
Patient Education & Health Promotion
Communication & Therapeutic Relationships
Cultural Competence & Holistic Care
Introduction
This comprehensive examination evaluates foundational knowledge and clinical reasoning essential for safe,
competent nursing practice. It assesses mastery of core concepts including legal-ethical frameworks, infection
control protocols, nursing process application, documentation standards, patient education strategies, therapeutic
communication, and culturally sensitive care. Each multiple-choice question integrates real-world clinical scenarios
that require critical thinking and prioritization skills. Questions range from recall of basic principles to analysis of
complex patient situations. The emphasis is on practical decision-making that mirrors actual nursing
responsibilities. Correct answers are verified with concise rationales to reinforce learning and prepare students for
success on standardized examinations and clinical practice.
,SECTION ONE: QUESTIONS 1–100
Question 1
A nurse is preparing to insert an indwelling urinary catheter. Which action demonstrates proper sterile
technique?
A. Opening the sterile kit and placing it on the bedside table that was wiped with alcohol
B. Using sterile gloves to open the inner wrapper of the catheter kit
C. Donning sterile gloves before opening any sterile packaging
D. Positioning the sterile drape with the non-dominant hand while both hands are sterile
🟢B
🔴 RATIONALE: The outer wrapper of a sterile kit is not sterile; sterile gloves should be used to open the inner
wrapper. Option A risks contamination because the bedside table is not a sterile field. Option C is incorrect
because you don sterile gloves after opening the outer wrapper. Option D would contaminate the drape
because the non-dominant hand should not be sterile when positioning the drape initially.
Question 2
A patient refuses a prescribed medication. Which action by the nurse is legally appropriate?
A. Administer the medication by another route without telling the patient
B. Document the refusal and notify the healthcare provider
C. Explain to the patient that refusal will result in discharge
D. Ask a family member to convince the patient to take the medication
🟢B
🔴 RATIONALE: Competent patients have the right to refuse treatment. The nurse must document the refusal,
,notify the provider, and explore reasons for refusal. Coercion (C), deception (A), or third-party pressure (D)
violate patient autonomy and legal standards.
Question 3
During a handoff report, the nurse uses the SBAR format. What does "S" represent?
A. Summary of care
B. Situation
C. Symptoms
D. Safety concerns
🟢B
🔴 RATIONALE: SBAR stands for Situation, Background, Assessment, Recommendation. "S" is Situation – a
concise statement of the current problem or reason for contact.
Question 4
A nurse notices a small fire in a patient's trash can. What is the priority action?
A. Pull the fire alarm
B. Use a fire extinguisher
C. Evacuate the patient
D. Remove the patient from the room
🟢D
🔴 RATIONALE: RACE protocol: Rescue, Alarm, Contain, Extinguish. The first priority is rescuing/removing the
patient from immediate danger.
Question 5
Which finding indicates a need for immediate intervention in a post-operative patient?
, A. Pain rated 4/10
B. Oxygen saturation 89% on room air
C. Urinary output 30 mL in 2 hours
D. Temperature 37.8°C (100.0°F)
🟢B
🔴 RATIONALE: Oxygen saturation below 90% indicates hypoxemia and requires immediate intervention. Mild
pain, slightly elevated temperature, and minimally low urinary output over 2 hours are concerning but not as
immediately life-threatening.
Question 6
A nurse is teaching a patient about a low-sodium diet. Which food choice indicates understanding?
A. Canned vegetable soup
B. Fresh grilled chicken breast
C. Processed cheese slice
D. Pickles with lunch
🟢B
🔴 RATIONALE: Fresh chicken breast is naturally low in sodium. Canned soup, processed cheese, and pickles are
high in sodium due to preservation and processing methods.
Question 7
A patient tells the nurse, "I don't want to live anymore." What is the nurse's priority response?
A. "You have so much to live for."
B. "Tell me more about what you're feeling."
C. "I'll notify your family to visit."
D. "Let's focus on getting better."
ANSWERS) PLUS RATIONALES 2026 Q&A | INSTANT DOWNLOAD PDF
CORE DOMAINS
Professional Nursing Standards & Ethics
Legal Principles in Nursing Practice
Infection Control & Safety
Documentation & Health Information Management
Nursing Process: Assessment, Diagnosis, Planning, Implementation, Evaluation
Patient Education & Health Promotion
Communication & Therapeutic Relationships
Cultural Competence & Holistic Care
Introduction
This comprehensive examination evaluates foundational knowledge and clinical reasoning essential for safe,
competent nursing practice. It assesses mastery of core concepts including legal-ethical frameworks, infection
control protocols, nursing process application, documentation standards, patient education strategies, therapeutic
communication, and culturally sensitive care. Each multiple-choice question integrates real-world clinical scenarios
that require critical thinking and prioritization skills. Questions range from recall of basic principles to analysis of
complex patient situations. The emphasis is on practical decision-making that mirrors actual nursing
responsibilities. Correct answers are verified with concise rationales to reinforce learning and prepare students for
success on standardized examinations and clinical practice.
,SECTION ONE: QUESTIONS 1–100
Question 1
A nurse is preparing to insert an indwelling urinary catheter. Which action demonstrates proper sterile
technique?
A. Opening the sterile kit and placing it on the bedside table that was wiped with alcohol
B. Using sterile gloves to open the inner wrapper of the catheter kit
C. Donning sterile gloves before opening any sterile packaging
D. Positioning the sterile drape with the non-dominant hand while both hands are sterile
🟢B
🔴 RATIONALE: The outer wrapper of a sterile kit is not sterile; sterile gloves should be used to open the inner
wrapper. Option A risks contamination because the bedside table is not a sterile field. Option C is incorrect
because you don sterile gloves after opening the outer wrapper. Option D would contaminate the drape
because the non-dominant hand should not be sterile when positioning the drape initially.
Question 2
A patient refuses a prescribed medication. Which action by the nurse is legally appropriate?
A. Administer the medication by another route without telling the patient
B. Document the refusal and notify the healthcare provider
C. Explain to the patient that refusal will result in discharge
D. Ask a family member to convince the patient to take the medication
🟢B
🔴 RATIONALE: Competent patients have the right to refuse treatment. The nurse must document the refusal,
,notify the provider, and explore reasons for refusal. Coercion (C), deception (A), or third-party pressure (D)
violate patient autonomy and legal standards.
Question 3
During a handoff report, the nurse uses the SBAR format. What does "S" represent?
A. Summary of care
B. Situation
C. Symptoms
D. Safety concerns
🟢B
🔴 RATIONALE: SBAR stands for Situation, Background, Assessment, Recommendation. "S" is Situation – a
concise statement of the current problem or reason for contact.
Question 4
A nurse notices a small fire in a patient's trash can. What is the priority action?
A. Pull the fire alarm
B. Use a fire extinguisher
C. Evacuate the patient
D. Remove the patient from the room
🟢D
🔴 RATIONALE: RACE protocol: Rescue, Alarm, Contain, Extinguish. The first priority is rescuing/removing the
patient from immediate danger.
Question 5
Which finding indicates a need for immediate intervention in a post-operative patient?
, A. Pain rated 4/10
B. Oxygen saturation 89% on room air
C. Urinary output 30 mL in 2 hours
D. Temperature 37.8°C (100.0°F)
🟢B
🔴 RATIONALE: Oxygen saturation below 90% indicates hypoxemia and requires immediate intervention. Mild
pain, slightly elevated temperature, and minimally low urinary output over 2 hours are concerning but not as
immediately life-threatening.
Question 6
A nurse is teaching a patient about a low-sodium diet. Which food choice indicates understanding?
A. Canned vegetable soup
B. Fresh grilled chicken breast
C. Processed cheese slice
D. Pickles with lunch
🟢B
🔴 RATIONALE: Fresh chicken breast is naturally low in sodium. Canned soup, processed cheese, and pickles are
high in sodium due to preservation and processing methods.
Question 7
A patient tells the nurse, "I don't want to live anymore." What is the nurse's priority response?
A. "You have so much to live for."
B. "Tell me more about what you're feeling."
C. "I'll notify your family to visit."
D. "Let's focus on getting better."
