1. An agitated, confused female client arrives in the B.
emergency department. Her history includes type 1 diabetes To reverse hypoglycemia, the American Diabetes Association recommends ingesting 10
mellitus, hypertension, and angina pectoris. Assessment to 15 g of a simple carbohydrate, such as three to five pieces of hard candy, two to three
reveals pallor, diaphoresis, headache, and intense hunger. A packets of sugar (4 to 6 tsp), or 4 oz of fruit juice. If necessary, this treatment can be
stat blood glucose sample measures 42 mg/dl, and the client repeated in 15 minutes. Ingesting only 2 to 5 g of a simple carbohydrate may not raise
is treated for an acute hypoglycemic reaction. After recovery, the blood glucose level sufficiently. Ingesting more than 15 g may raise it above normal,
nurse Lily teaches the client to treat hypoglycemia by causing hyperglycemia.
ingesting:
a. 2 to 5 g of a simple carbohydrate.
b. 10 to 15 g of a simple carbohydrate.
c. 18 to 20 g of a simple carbohydrate.
d. 25 to 30 g of a simple carbohydrate.
2. A female adult client with a history of chronic A.
hyperparathyroidism admits to being noncompliant. Based on Poorly controlled hyperparathyroidism may cause an elevated serum calcium level. This,
initial assessment findings, nurse Julia formulates the nursing in turn, may diminish calcium stores in the bone, causing bone demineralization and
diagnosis of Risk for injury. To complete the nursing diagnosis setting the stage for pathologic fractures and a risk for injury. Hyperparathyroidism
statement for this client, which "related-to" phrase should the doesn't accelerate the metabolic rate. A decreased thyroid hormone level, not an
nurse add? increased parathyroid hormone level, may cause edema and dry skin secondary to fluid
a. Related to bone demineralization resulting in pathologic infiltration into the interstitial spaces. Hyperparathyroidism causes hypercalcemia, not
fractures hypocalcemia; therefore, it isn't associated with tetany.
b. Related to exhaustion secondary to an accelerated
metabolic rate
c. Related to edema and dry skin secondary to fluid
infiltration into the interstitial spaces
d. Related to tetany secondary to a decreased serum calcium
level
,3. Nurse John is assigned to care for a postoperative male D.
client who has diabetes mellitus. During the assessment The nurse should refer this client to a sex counselor or other professional. Making
interview, the client reports that he's impotent and says he's appropriate referrals is a valid part of planning the client's care. The nurse doesn't
concerned about its effect on his marriage. In planning this normally provide sex counseling.
client's care, the most appropriate intervention would be to:
a. Encourage the client to ask questions about personal
sexuality.
b. Provide time for privacy.
c. Provide support for the spouse or significant other.
d. Suggest referral to a sex counselor or other appropriate
professional.
4. During a class on exercise for diabetic clients, a female B.
client asks the nurse educator how often to exercise. The Diabetic clients must exercise at least three times a week to meet the goals of planned
nurse educator advises the clients to exercise how often to exercise — lowering the blood glucose level, reducing or maintaining the proper
meet the goals of planned exercise? weight, increasing the serum high-density lipoprotein level, decreasing serum
a. At least once a week triglyceride levels, reducing blood pressure, and minimizing stress. Exercising once a
b. At least three times a week week wouldn't achieve these goals. Exercising more than three times a week, although
c. At least five times a week beneficial, would exceed the minimum requirement.
d. Every day
5. Nurse Oliver should expect a client with hypothyroidism to B.
report which health concerns? Hypothyroidism (myxedema) causes facial puffiness, extremity edema, and weight gain.
a. Increased appetite and weight loss Signs and symptoms of hyperthyroidism (Graves' disease) include an increased appetite,
b. Puffiness of the face and hands weight loss, nervousness, tremors, and thyroid gland enlargement (goiter).
c. Nervousness and tremors
d. Thyroid gland swelling
,6. A female client with hypothyroidism (myxedema) is C.
receiving levothyroxine (Synthroid), 25 mcg P.O. daily. Which Levothyroxine, a synthetic thyroid hormone, is given to a client with hypothyroidism to
finding should nurse Hans recognize as an adverse drug simulate the effects of thyroxine. Adverse effects of this agent include tachycardia. The
effect? other options aren't associated with levothyroxine.
a. Dysuria
b. Leg cramps
c. Tachycardia
d. Blurred vision
7. A 67-year-old male client has been complaining of D.
sleeping more, increased urination, anorexia, weakness, Hyperparathyroidism is most common in older women and is characterized by bone
irritability, depression, and bone pain that interferes with her pain and weakness from excess parathyroid hormone (PTH). Clients also exhibit
going outdoors. Based on these assessment findings, nurse hypercaliuria-causing polyuria. While clients with diabetes mellitus and diabetes
Richard would suspect which of the following disorders? insipidus also have polyuria, they don't have bone pain and increased sleeping.
a. Diabetes mellitus Hypoparathyroidism is characterized by urinary frequency rather than polyuria.
b. Diabetes insipidus
c. Hypoparathyroidism
d. Hyperparathyroidism
8. When caring for a male client with diabetes insipidus, nurse A.
Juliet expects to administer: Because diabetes insipidus results from decreased antidiuretic hormone (vasopressin)
a. vasopressin (Pitressin Synthetic). production, the nurse should expect to administer synthetic vasopressin for hormone
b. furosemide (Lasix). replacement therapy. Furosemide, a diuretic, is contraindicated because a client with
c. regular insulin. diabetes insipidus experiences polyuria. Insulin and dextrose are used to treat diabetes
d. 10% dextrose. mellitus and its complications, not diabetes insipidus.
, 9. The nurse is aware that the following is the most common D.
cause of hyperaldosteronism? An autonomous aldosterone-producing adenoma is the most common cause of
a. Excessive sodium intake hyperaldosteronism. Hyperplasia is the second most frequent cause. Aldosterone
b. A pituitary adenoma secretion is independent of sodium and potassium intake as well as of pituitary
c. Deficient potassium intake stimulation.
d. An adrenal adenoma
10. A male client with type 1 diabetes mellitus has a highly C.
elevated glycosylated hemoglobin (Hb) test result. In The glycosylated Hb test provides an objective measure of glycemic control over a 3-
discussing the result with the client, nurse Sharmaine would month period. The test helps identify trends or practices that impair glycemic control,
be most accurate in stating: and it doesn't require a fasting period before blood is drawn. The nurse can't conclude
a. "The test needs to be repeated following a 12-hour fast." that the result occurs from poor dietary management or inadequate insulin coverage.
b. "It looks like you aren't following the prescribed diabetic
diet."
c. "It tells us about your sugar control for the last 3 months."
d. "Your insulin regimen needs to be altered significantly."
11. Following a unilateral adrenalectomy, nurse Betty would A.
assess for hyperkalemia shown by which of the following? Muscle weakness, bradycardia, nausea, diarrhea, and paresthesia of the hands, feet,
a. Muscle weakness tongue, and face are findings associated with hyperkalemia, which is transient and
b. Tremors occurs from transient hypoaldosteronism when the adenoma is removed. Tremors,
c. Diaphoresis diaphoresis, and constipation aren't seen in hyperkalemia.
d. Constipation
emergency department. Her history includes type 1 diabetes To reverse hypoglycemia, the American Diabetes Association recommends ingesting 10
mellitus, hypertension, and angina pectoris. Assessment to 15 g of a simple carbohydrate, such as three to five pieces of hard candy, two to three
reveals pallor, diaphoresis, headache, and intense hunger. A packets of sugar (4 to 6 tsp), or 4 oz of fruit juice. If necessary, this treatment can be
stat blood glucose sample measures 42 mg/dl, and the client repeated in 15 minutes. Ingesting only 2 to 5 g of a simple carbohydrate may not raise
is treated for an acute hypoglycemic reaction. After recovery, the blood glucose level sufficiently. Ingesting more than 15 g may raise it above normal,
nurse Lily teaches the client to treat hypoglycemia by causing hyperglycemia.
ingesting:
a. 2 to 5 g of a simple carbohydrate.
b. 10 to 15 g of a simple carbohydrate.
c. 18 to 20 g of a simple carbohydrate.
d. 25 to 30 g of a simple carbohydrate.
2. A female adult client with a history of chronic A.
hyperparathyroidism admits to being noncompliant. Based on Poorly controlled hyperparathyroidism may cause an elevated serum calcium level. This,
initial assessment findings, nurse Julia formulates the nursing in turn, may diminish calcium stores in the bone, causing bone demineralization and
diagnosis of Risk for injury. To complete the nursing diagnosis setting the stage for pathologic fractures and a risk for injury. Hyperparathyroidism
statement for this client, which "related-to" phrase should the doesn't accelerate the metabolic rate. A decreased thyroid hormone level, not an
nurse add? increased parathyroid hormone level, may cause edema and dry skin secondary to fluid
a. Related to bone demineralization resulting in pathologic infiltration into the interstitial spaces. Hyperparathyroidism causes hypercalcemia, not
fractures hypocalcemia; therefore, it isn't associated with tetany.
b. Related to exhaustion secondary to an accelerated
metabolic rate
c. Related to edema and dry skin secondary to fluid
infiltration into the interstitial spaces
d. Related to tetany secondary to a decreased serum calcium
level
,3. Nurse John is assigned to care for a postoperative male D.
client who has diabetes mellitus. During the assessment The nurse should refer this client to a sex counselor or other professional. Making
interview, the client reports that he's impotent and says he's appropriate referrals is a valid part of planning the client's care. The nurse doesn't
concerned about its effect on his marriage. In planning this normally provide sex counseling.
client's care, the most appropriate intervention would be to:
a. Encourage the client to ask questions about personal
sexuality.
b. Provide time for privacy.
c. Provide support for the spouse or significant other.
d. Suggest referral to a sex counselor or other appropriate
professional.
4. During a class on exercise for diabetic clients, a female B.
client asks the nurse educator how often to exercise. The Diabetic clients must exercise at least three times a week to meet the goals of planned
nurse educator advises the clients to exercise how often to exercise — lowering the blood glucose level, reducing or maintaining the proper
meet the goals of planned exercise? weight, increasing the serum high-density lipoprotein level, decreasing serum
a. At least once a week triglyceride levels, reducing blood pressure, and minimizing stress. Exercising once a
b. At least three times a week week wouldn't achieve these goals. Exercising more than three times a week, although
c. At least five times a week beneficial, would exceed the minimum requirement.
d. Every day
5. Nurse Oliver should expect a client with hypothyroidism to B.
report which health concerns? Hypothyroidism (myxedema) causes facial puffiness, extremity edema, and weight gain.
a. Increased appetite and weight loss Signs and symptoms of hyperthyroidism (Graves' disease) include an increased appetite,
b. Puffiness of the face and hands weight loss, nervousness, tremors, and thyroid gland enlargement (goiter).
c. Nervousness and tremors
d. Thyroid gland swelling
,6. A female client with hypothyroidism (myxedema) is C.
receiving levothyroxine (Synthroid), 25 mcg P.O. daily. Which Levothyroxine, a synthetic thyroid hormone, is given to a client with hypothyroidism to
finding should nurse Hans recognize as an adverse drug simulate the effects of thyroxine. Adverse effects of this agent include tachycardia. The
effect? other options aren't associated with levothyroxine.
a. Dysuria
b. Leg cramps
c. Tachycardia
d. Blurred vision
7. A 67-year-old male client has been complaining of D.
sleeping more, increased urination, anorexia, weakness, Hyperparathyroidism is most common in older women and is characterized by bone
irritability, depression, and bone pain that interferes with her pain and weakness from excess parathyroid hormone (PTH). Clients also exhibit
going outdoors. Based on these assessment findings, nurse hypercaliuria-causing polyuria. While clients with diabetes mellitus and diabetes
Richard would suspect which of the following disorders? insipidus also have polyuria, they don't have bone pain and increased sleeping.
a. Diabetes mellitus Hypoparathyroidism is characterized by urinary frequency rather than polyuria.
b. Diabetes insipidus
c. Hypoparathyroidism
d. Hyperparathyroidism
8. When caring for a male client with diabetes insipidus, nurse A.
Juliet expects to administer: Because diabetes insipidus results from decreased antidiuretic hormone (vasopressin)
a. vasopressin (Pitressin Synthetic). production, the nurse should expect to administer synthetic vasopressin for hormone
b. furosemide (Lasix). replacement therapy. Furosemide, a diuretic, is contraindicated because a client with
c. regular insulin. diabetes insipidus experiences polyuria. Insulin and dextrose are used to treat diabetes
d. 10% dextrose. mellitus and its complications, not diabetes insipidus.
, 9. The nurse is aware that the following is the most common D.
cause of hyperaldosteronism? An autonomous aldosterone-producing adenoma is the most common cause of
a. Excessive sodium intake hyperaldosteronism. Hyperplasia is the second most frequent cause. Aldosterone
b. A pituitary adenoma secretion is independent of sodium and potassium intake as well as of pituitary
c. Deficient potassium intake stimulation.
d. An adrenal adenoma
10. A male client with type 1 diabetes mellitus has a highly C.
elevated glycosylated hemoglobin (Hb) test result. In The glycosylated Hb test provides an objective measure of glycemic control over a 3-
discussing the result with the client, nurse Sharmaine would month period. The test helps identify trends or practices that impair glycemic control,
be most accurate in stating: and it doesn't require a fasting period before blood is drawn. The nurse can't conclude
a. "The test needs to be repeated following a 12-hour fast." that the result occurs from poor dietary management or inadequate insulin coverage.
b. "It looks like you aren't following the prescribed diabetic
diet."
c. "It tells us about your sugar control for the last 3 months."
d. "Your insulin regimen needs to be altered significantly."
11. Following a unilateral adrenalectomy, nurse Betty would A.
assess for hyperkalemia shown by which of the following? Muscle weakness, bradycardia, nausea, diarrhea, and paresthesia of the hands, feet,
a. Muscle weakness tongue, and face are findings associated with hyperkalemia, which is transient and
b. Tremors occurs from transient hypoaldosteronism when the adenoma is removed. Tremors,
c. Diaphoresis diaphoresis, and constipation aren't seen in hyperkalemia.
d. Constipation
