lOMoARcPSD|62982272
True or False: The bladder drains into the ureters.: false
A person sustained blunt force trauma to the back at the T5 level, with no spinal cord injury. Would you suspect the kidneys to be damaged? Why or why
not? No, the kidneys lie between the T-12 and L-3
A person sustained blunt force trauma to the back at the L1 level, with no spinal cord injury. Would you suspect the kidneys to be damaged? Why or why
not? YES, B/C KIDNEYS LIE BETWEEEN T12-L3
Describe the consistency and purpose of the renal fascia. The outer renal fascia is dense fibrous connective tissue which keeps the kidney in place
inside the abdominal cavity.
Describe the consistency and purpose of the renal capsule: TOUGH OUTTER LAYER OF SKIN OF THE KIDNEYS WHOSE PURPOSE IS TO
PROTECT IT FROM INJURIES
Name the layer and the parts of the nephrons located in the region highlighted in green, below. Located within the cortex are the glomerular capsule
and the distal and proximal convoluted tubule sections of the nephrons. Several extensions within the renal pelvis called calyces collect urine
drain into pelvis then into ureter to bladder to be stored
name the layer and the specific structure highlighted in blue, below medulla, renal pyramid
these arteries divide into the segmental arteries as they flow into the kidney: interlobular
These arteries flow in between the renal pyramids.: interlobular
After filtration occurs, next blood travels into these vessels.: Efferent arteriole
After the vasa recta, blood next moves into these vessels.: lobar veins
Name the region in the diagram below, indicated by the red arrow. (Distal convoluted tubule), Loop of Henle (thin descending)
Which of the following is false about the location of the bladder? B&C are false
Which of the following is true about the location of the bladder? In females, the vagina is behind the bladder.
Name the layer and the parts of the nephrons located in the region highlighted in blue, below. Located within the medulla are the Loop of Henle and the
collecting duct sections of the nephrons.
Describe the purposes of the urethral sphincters. The involuntary-controlled internal urethral sphincter is located near the bladder and keeps the
urethra closed to prevent urine from leaving the bladder. The voluntary-controlled external urethral sphincter, composed of skeletal muscle,
surrounds the urethra as it passes through the pelvic floor.
Discuss two features of the bladder that allows for expansion: Muscle wall stretches and thins allowing for expantion and Rugue folds in the
bladder wall also extend to help with the capacity
A patient was just placed under general anesthesia. He is now awake and telling you he is having a hard time excreting urine. What is most likely causing
the difficulty?: Urinary retention due to slowed detrusor muscle
This region of the male urethra exits the body.: spongy Smallest region of male urethra: Membranous
What causes the extremely high blood pressure in the glomerular capillaries?: The afferent arteriole, which is fed by the interlobular artery, is much
larger in diameter than the efferent arteriole. The difference in diameter causes an extremely high blood pressure in the glomerular capillaries.
Micturition can be controlled consciously because of: Voluntary control over the external sphincter
This is the pressure that depends upon the amount of proteins in the filtrate: Colloid osmotic pressure
This is the pressure that depends upon a person's blood pressure from the heart and vessels: Hydrostatic pressure
Calculate the net filtration pressure for your patient given the following values. Show your work. (Not all values listed may be used). - Colloid osmotic
pressure = 25 27- Capsular pressure= 15 13- Hydrostatic pressure = 50 65- GFR= 120 110 (Outgoing forces – incoming forces) HP- (COP +
Capsular pressure) 50mmHg - (25mmHg +15mmHg)) = 10mmHg (net outward pressure)
65mmHg - (27mmHg + 13mmHg) = 65mmHg – 40mmHg = 25mmHg
Describe in detail what happens during an emergency to control the rate of blood to the kidney: The renal autoregulatory system is superseded by
higher level nervous system controls. When the nervous system takes over regulation, the afferent arterioles diameter is narrowed by
sympathetic nerve fibers. The release of the hormone epinephrine by the adrenal medulla causes a decrease in renal blood flow and decreases
the GFR.
True concerning RAA system: Renin is released by the cells inside the nephron
Which of the following statements is false concerning the RAA system? It responds when blood pressure becomes too high.
Which is not reabsorbed in the PCT: Hydrogen ions
Downloaded by elizabeth moses ()
True or False: The bladder drains into the ureters.: false
A person sustained blunt force trauma to the back at the T5 level, with no spinal cord injury. Would you suspect the kidneys to be damaged? Why or why
not? No, the kidneys lie between the T-12 and L-3
A person sustained blunt force trauma to the back at the L1 level, with no spinal cord injury. Would you suspect the kidneys to be damaged? Why or why
not? YES, B/C KIDNEYS LIE BETWEEEN T12-L3
Describe the consistency and purpose of the renal fascia. The outer renal fascia is dense fibrous connective tissue which keeps the kidney in place
inside the abdominal cavity.
Describe the consistency and purpose of the renal capsule: TOUGH OUTTER LAYER OF SKIN OF THE KIDNEYS WHOSE PURPOSE IS TO
PROTECT IT FROM INJURIES
Name the layer and the parts of the nephrons located in the region highlighted in green, below. Located within the cortex are the glomerular capsule
and the distal and proximal convoluted tubule sections of the nephrons. Several extensions within the renal pelvis called calyces collect urine
drain into pelvis then into ureter to bladder to be stored
name the layer and the specific structure highlighted in blue, below medulla, renal pyramid
these arteries divide into the segmental arteries as they flow into the kidney: interlobular
These arteries flow in between the renal pyramids.: interlobular
After filtration occurs, next blood travels into these vessels.: Efferent arteriole
After the vasa recta, blood next moves into these vessels.: lobar veins
Name the region in the diagram below, indicated by the red arrow. (Distal convoluted tubule), Loop of Henle (thin descending)
Which of the following is false about the location of the bladder? B&C are false
Which of the following is true about the location of the bladder? In females, the vagina is behind the bladder.
Name the layer and the parts of the nephrons located in the region highlighted in blue, below. Located within the medulla are the Loop of Henle and the
collecting duct sections of the nephrons.
Describe the purposes of the urethral sphincters. The involuntary-controlled internal urethral sphincter is located near the bladder and keeps the
urethra closed to prevent urine from leaving the bladder. The voluntary-controlled external urethral sphincter, composed of skeletal muscle,
surrounds the urethra as it passes through the pelvic floor.
Discuss two features of the bladder that allows for expansion: Muscle wall stretches and thins allowing for expantion and Rugue folds in the
bladder wall also extend to help with the capacity
A patient was just placed under general anesthesia. He is now awake and telling you he is having a hard time excreting urine. What is most likely causing
the difficulty?: Urinary retention due to slowed detrusor muscle
This region of the male urethra exits the body.: spongy Smallest region of male urethra: Membranous
What causes the extremely high blood pressure in the glomerular capillaries?: The afferent arteriole, which is fed by the interlobular artery, is much
larger in diameter than the efferent arteriole. The difference in diameter causes an extremely high blood pressure in the glomerular capillaries.
Micturition can be controlled consciously because of: Voluntary control over the external sphincter
This is the pressure that depends upon the amount of proteins in the filtrate: Colloid osmotic pressure
This is the pressure that depends upon a person's blood pressure from the heart and vessels: Hydrostatic pressure
Calculate the net filtration pressure for your patient given the following values. Show your work. (Not all values listed may be used). - Colloid osmotic
pressure = 25 27- Capsular pressure= 15 13- Hydrostatic pressure = 50 65- GFR= 120 110 (Outgoing forces – incoming forces) HP- (COP +
Capsular pressure) 50mmHg - (25mmHg +15mmHg)) = 10mmHg (net outward pressure)
65mmHg - (27mmHg + 13mmHg) = 65mmHg – 40mmHg = 25mmHg
Describe in detail what happens during an emergency to control the rate of blood to the kidney: The renal autoregulatory system is superseded by
higher level nervous system controls. When the nervous system takes over regulation, the afferent arterioles diameter is narrowed by
sympathetic nerve fibers. The release of the hormone epinephrine by the adrenal medulla causes a decrease in renal blood flow and decreases
the GFR.
True concerning RAA system: Renin is released by the cells inside the nephron
Which of the following statements is false concerning the RAA system? It responds when blood pressure becomes too high.
Which is not reabsorbed in the PCT: Hydrogen ions
Downloaded by elizabeth moses ()
