Psychopathology: A Clinical Science Approach
(19th Edition) – Instructor’s Resource Manual |
Jill M. Hooley & Matthew K. Nock | ISBN
9780138054182
Describe how a psychological disorder is defined/understood and what is psychopathology? -
answers-Dysfunction in psychological, biological or developmental processes that causes
personal distress and is Atypical or not a culturally expected response.
The science of psychopathology is done by mental health professionals that are united in the
scientist-practitioner framework.
How do you go about giving a clinical description of a client - understand each term? - answers-
Begins with presenting the problem
clinical description
describe prevalence and incidence of disorders
describe onset of symptoms
state specifiers (course of disorders, severity)
Prognosis
What were the initial supernatural theories of abnormal behavior ? - answers-People
increasingly turned to magic and sorcery to solve their problems. People assumed that
individuals possessed by evil spirits were responsible for misfortune of townspeople.
Treatments included exorcism, shaving a cross on victims head. Snake pits were also used to
scare a spirit out of someone. Movement of moon and stars led to definition of lunatic.
Describe the varying practices of psychopathology. - answers-Clinical & counseling psychologists
1
,either a Ph.D. or Psy.D.
Psychiatrist: M.D.
MFT & mental health counselors
Mass Hysteria - answers-demonstrates the phenomenon of emotion contagion in which the
experience of an emotion seems to spread to those around us.
Paracelus suggested that.. - answers-movements of the sun and stars had profound effects on
people's psychological functioning. Said that the gravitational effect of the moon on bodily
fluids could be a possible cause for mental disorders. This theory inspired the word LUNATIC.
Still common with followers of astrology.
What were the initial theories of the biological tradition?(e.g., Grey, Hippocrates....using the
information on your worksheet can be helpful to review and guide you on where to look in
text)? Be able to correctly place the theories of supernatural from the biological traditions. -
answers-Greek physician, Hippocrates, thought to be the father of modern medicine.
Humeral theory of medicine
Somatoform disorders
John P.Grey
Erin Kraeplin
Hippocrates - answers-Greek physician, Hippocrates, thought to be the father of modern
medicine. He considered the brain to be the seat of wisdom, consciousness, intelligence, and
emotion. He believed all psychological disorders could be treated. Disorders involving these
would then be logically located in the brain. Also recognized the importance of interpersonal
interactions on psychology.
Hippocratic-Galenic approach and the Humoral Theory of Disorders. - answers-four bodily fluids
or humors:
2
, - blood (heart), sanguine - cheerful and optimistic
- black bile (spleen) melancholic - depression
- yellow bile (liver) phlegmatic personality - sluggish, apathetic, calm
- phlegm (brain) choleric - hot tempered
first example of associating psychological disorders with chemical imbalance.
Somatoform disorders - answers-physical symptoms appear to be the result of a medical
problem for which no physical cause can be found.
hysteron (hysteria) - greek for uterus, assumed this only happened in women.
John P. Grey - answers-Causes of insanity were always physical. Therefore mentally ill patients
should be treated as physically ill. Because of this, conditions in hospitals greatly improved in
order to help treat these disorders.
Erin Kraeplin - answers-one of the first to distinguish among various psychological disorders,
seeing that each may have a different age of onset and time course, with somewhat different
clusters of presenting symptoms and probably a different cause.
difference between one-dimensional vs. multidimensional approaches - answers-One
dimensional: psychopathology is caused by a single cause.
multidimensional: This perspective on causality is called systemic because it implies that any
particular influence contributing to psychopathology cannot be considered out of context
(biology and behavior of individual including cognitive, emotional, social and cultural
environment).
Diathesis-stress model - answers-Asserts that most psychiatric disorders result from a
combination of genetic vulnerability and negative environmental stressors
Diathesis = a condition which makes someone susceptible to developing a disorder.
3
(19th Edition) – Instructor’s Resource Manual |
Jill M. Hooley & Matthew K. Nock | ISBN
9780138054182
Describe how a psychological disorder is defined/understood and what is psychopathology? -
answers-Dysfunction in psychological, biological or developmental processes that causes
personal distress and is Atypical or not a culturally expected response.
The science of psychopathology is done by mental health professionals that are united in the
scientist-practitioner framework.
How do you go about giving a clinical description of a client - understand each term? - answers-
Begins with presenting the problem
clinical description
describe prevalence and incidence of disorders
describe onset of symptoms
state specifiers (course of disorders, severity)
Prognosis
What were the initial supernatural theories of abnormal behavior ? - answers-People
increasingly turned to magic and sorcery to solve their problems. People assumed that
individuals possessed by evil spirits were responsible for misfortune of townspeople.
Treatments included exorcism, shaving a cross on victims head. Snake pits were also used to
scare a spirit out of someone. Movement of moon and stars led to definition of lunatic.
Describe the varying practices of psychopathology. - answers-Clinical & counseling psychologists
1
,either a Ph.D. or Psy.D.
Psychiatrist: M.D.
MFT & mental health counselors
Mass Hysteria - answers-demonstrates the phenomenon of emotion contagion in which the
experience of an emotion seems to spread to those around us.
Paracelus suggested that.. - answers-movements of the sun and stars had profound effects on
people's psychological functioning. Said that the gravitational effect of the moon on bodily
fluids could be a possible cause for mental disorders. This theory inspired the word LUNATIC.
Still common with followers of astrology.
What were the initial theories of the biological tradition?(e.g., Grey, Hippocrates....using the
information on your worksheet can be helpful to review and guide you on where to look in
text)? Be able to correctly place the theories of supernatural from the biological traditions. -
answers-Greek physician, Hippocrates, thought to be the father of modern medicine.
Humeral theory of medicine
Somatoform disorders
John P.Grey
Erin Kraeplin
Hippocrates - answers-Greek physician, Hippocrates, thought to be the father of modern
medicine. He considered the brain to be the seat of wisdom, consciousness, intelligence, and
emotion. He believed all psychological disorders could be treated. Disorders involving these
would then be logically located in the brain. Also recognized the importance of interpersonal
interactions on psychology.
Hippocratic-Galenic approach and the Humoral Theory of Disorders. - answers-four bodily fluids
or humors:
2
, - blood (heart), sanguine - cheerful and optimistic
- black bile (spleen) melancholic - depression
- yellow bile (liver) phlegmatic personality - sluggish, apathetic, calm
- phlegm (brain) choleric - hot tempered
first example of associating psychological disorders with chemical imbalance.
Somatoform disorders - answers-physical symptoms appear to be the result of a medical
problem for which no physical cause can be found.
hysteron (hysteria) - greek for uterus, assumed this only happened in women.
John P. Grey - answers-Causes of insanity were always physical. Therefore mentally ill patients
should be treated as physically ill. Because of this, conditions in hospitals greatly improved in
order to help treat these disorders.
Erin Kraeplin - answers-one of the first to distinguish among various psychological disorders,
seeing that each may have a different age of onset and time course, with somewhat different
clusters of presenting symptoms and probably a different cause.
difference between one-dimensional vs. multidimensional approaches - answers-One
dimensional: psychopathology is caused by a single cause.
multidimensional: This perspective on causality is called systemic because it implies that any
particular influence contributing to psychopathology cannot be considered out of context
(biology and behavior of individual including cognitive, emotional, social and cultural
environment).
Diathesis-stress model - answers-Asserts that most psychiatric disorders result from a
combination of genetic vulnerability and negative environmental stressors
Diathesis = a condition which makes someone susceptible to developing a disorder.
3
