BACE PRACTICE EXAMINATION 2026
QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS GRADED
A+
◍ Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR).
Answer: Amplifies and copies DNA to be studied
◍ Agarose Gel Electrophoresis.
Answer: A method used to separate DNA or RNA molecules based on their
size by applying an electric field to an agarose gel matrix. The agarose gel
acts as a sieve, allowing smaller molecules to move faster through the gel
while larger molecules move more slowly, enabling the separation and
analysis of nucleic acids.
◍ Aseptic Technique.
Answer: A set of practices used to prevent contamination by pathogens or
unwantedmicroorganisms during procedures, crucial for maintaining sterile
conditions in cell culture andother sensitive processes.
◍ Steps of PCR.
Answer: 1. Denaturation: heating so hydrogen bonds holding the DNA
strands break2. Annealing: cooling so primers can bond to target site3.
Extension: raising the temperature, DNA polymerase grabs nucleotides and
adds them to the primer, extending new strands of DNA based on the
template
◍ Attributable, Legible, Contemporaneous, Original, and Accurate (ALCOA).
Answer: Principles thatensure data integrity in regulated environments,
ensuring that data is reliable, accurate, andtrustworthy.
◍ How is DNA used in insulin production.
Answer: The gene for insulin in inserted into a microorganism which acts as
, a factory to produce the protein
◍ Autoclave.
Answer: A device used to sterilize equipment and materials using high
pressure steam,commonly used in laboratory, industrial, and medical
settings to ensure that tools and materialsare free of microbial
contamination.
◍ gel electrophoresis.
Answer: separates DNA, RNA, or proteins using an electric current passed
through an agarose or polyacrylamide gel matrix
◍ Automation.
Answer: The use of technology to automate biotechnology processes,
increasing efficiencyand reducing human error, commonly employed in high
throughput screening and sampleprocessing.
◍ In gel electrophoresis how does DNA run.
Answer: Negatively charged molecules from the black (negative) to the red
(positive)
◍ Steps of gel electrophoresis.
Answer: 1. Make the gel2. Set up the gel apparatus3. Load the DNA sample
into the gel4. Hook up the electrical current and run the gel5. Stain the gel
and analyze the results
◍ Batch Record.
Answer: A controlled document that contains instructions for manufacturing
a regulatedproduct. It also captures contemporaneous data relevant to the
manufacture of that product.
◍ Spectrophotometer.
Answer: Quantifies and analyzes molecules and cells by measuring how
much light a sample absorbs and transmits -allows to determine
concentration of DNA, RNA, and proteins and monitor microbial growth
◍ Upstream Processing.
, Answer: Produces a target moleculeInvolves: development and optimization
of conditions for the growt hof cells and expression of the product -Focuses
on growing, maintaining, and controlling a cell/organism
◍ Beer Lambert law (also written Beer's Law).
Answer: A principle that describes the linear relationshipbetween the
concentration of a solute in a solution and the absorbance of light at a
particularwavelength, used in quantitative spectrophotometry.
◍ Buffer.
Answer: A solution that resists changes in pH when small amounts of acid
or base are added,commonly used in biological experiments to maintain a
stable pH environment.
◍ Downstream Processing.
Answer: Purifies, isolates, and formulates a desired product Involves:
purification, separation, and extraction of a product from a mixture -Focuses
on removing impurities to meet quality standards
◍ Components of OSHA'S Hazard Communication Standards (HCS).
Answer: 1. Written Program: document on plan to manage chemical safety
(involving the other steps)2. Chemical Inventory: list of all hazardous
materials present 3. Labeling and Warning: all containers with hazardous
materials are properly labeled and have a warning of some kind (ex.
"Danger" or hazard statements) 4. Safety Data Sheet (SDS): document for
every chemical present, covering hazards, handling, storage, and emergency
measures 5. Employee Training: training is provided on how to recognize
hazards, deal with the chemicals, and use proper equipment before an
employee starts work
◍ Why is it important to wear PPE in a lab?.
Answer: It protects you from hazardous chemicals and materials, and
prevents exposure to infectious agents
◍ Proper procedure for disposing hazardous materials.
Answer: Strict segregation into specialized containers: -Sharps in
QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS GRADED
A+
◍ Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR).
Answer: Amplifies and copies DNA to be studied
◍ Agarose Gel Electrophoresis.
Answer: A method used to separate DNA or RNA molecules based on their
size by applying an electric field to an agarose gel matrix. The agarose gel
acts as a sieve, allowing smaller molecules to move faster through the gel
while larger molecules move more slowly, enabling the separation and
analysis of nucleic acids.
◍ Aseptic Technique.
Answer: A set of practices used to prevent contamination by pathogens or
unwantedmicroorganisms during procedures, crucial for maintaining sterile
conditions in cell culture andother sensitive processes.
◍ Steps of PCR.
Answer: 1. Denaturation: heating so hydrogen bonds holding the DNA
strands break2. Annealing: cooling so primers can bond to target site3.
Extension: raising the temperature, DNA polymerase grabs nucleotides and
adds them to the primer, extending new strands of DNA based on the
template
◍ Attributable, Legible, Contemporaneous, Original, and Accurate (ALCOA).
Answer: Principles thatensure data integrity in regulated environments,
ensuring that data is reliable, accurate, andtrustworthy.
◍ How is DNA used in insulin production.
Answer: The gene for insulin in inserted into a microorganism which acts as
, a factory to produce the protein
◍ Autoclave.
Answer: A device used to sterilize equipment and materials using high
pressure steam,commonly used in laboratory, industrial, and medical
settings to ensure that tools and materialsare free of microbial
contamination.
◍ gel electrophoresis.
Answer: separates DNA, RNA, or proteins using an electric current passed
through an agarose or polyacrylamide gel matrix
◍ Automation.
Answer: The use of technology to automate biotechnology processes,
increasing efficiencyand reducing human error, commonly employed in high
throughput screening and sampleprocessing.
◍ In gel electrophoresis how does DNA run.
Answer: Negatively charged molecules from the black (negative) to the red
(positive)
◍ Steps of gel electrophoresis.
Answer: 1. Make the gel2. Set up the gel apparatus3. Load the DNA sample
into the gel4. Hook up the electrical current and run the gel5. Stain the gel
and analyze the results
◍ Batch Record.
Answer: A controlled document that contains instructions for manufacturing
a regulatedproduct. It also captures contemporaneous data relevant to the
manufacture of that product.
◍ Spectrophotometer.
Answer: Quantifies and analyzes molecules and cells by measuring how
much light a sample absorbs and transmits -allows to determine
concentration of DNA, RNA, and proteins and monitor microbial growth
◍ Upstream Processing.
, Answer: Produces a target moleculeInvolves: development and optimization
of conditions for the growt hof cells and expression of the product -Focuses
on growing, maintaining, and controlling a cell/organism
◍ Beer Lambert law (also written Beer's Law).
Answer: A principle that describes the linear relationshipbetween the
concentration of a solute in a solution and the absorbance of light at a
particularwavelength, used in quantitative spectrophotometry.
◍ Buffer.
Answer: A solution that resists changes in pH when small amounts of acid
or base are added,commonly used in biological experiments to maintain a
stable pH environment.
◍ Downstream Processing.
Answer: Purifies, isolates, and formulates a desired product Involves:
purification, separation, and extraction of a product from a mixture -Focuses
on removing impurities to meet quality standards
◍ Components of OSHA'S Hazard Communication Standards (HCS).
Answer: 1. Written Program: document on plan to manage chemical safety
(involving the other steps)2. Chemical Inventory: list of all hazardous
materials present 3. Labeling and Warning: all containers with hazardous
materials are properly labeled and have a warning of some kind (ex.
"Danger" or hazard statements) 4. Safety Data Sheet (SDS): document for
every chemical present, covering hazards, handling, storage, and emergency
measures 5. Employee Training: training is provided on how to recognize
hazards, deal with the chemicals, and use proper equipment before an
employee starts work
◍ Why is it important to wear PPE in a lab?.
Answer: It protects you from hazardous chemicals and materials, and
prevents exposure to infectious agents
◍ Proper procedure for disposing hazardous materials.
Answer: Strict segregation into specialized containers: -Sharps in
