PSYCH MISC PSYCHOLOGICAL SCIENCE
TEST PAPER QUESTIONS AND SOLUTIONS
VERIFIED ANSWERS
●● science
Answer: the use of systematic methods to observe the natural world,
including human behavior, and to draw conclusions.
●● behavior
Answer: everything we do that can be directly observed.
●● mental processes
Answer: the thoughts, feelings, and motives that people experience
privately but that cannot be directly observed.
●● critical thinking
Answer: the process of thinking deeply and actively, asking questions,
and evaluating the evidence.
●● empirical method
Answer: gaining knowledge through the observation of events, the
collection of data, and logical reasoning.
,●● structuralism
Answer: Wundt's approach to discovering the basic elements, or
structures, of mental processes. (Introspection).
●● functionalism
Answer: James's approach to mental processes, emphasizing the
functions and purposes of the mind and behavior in the individual's
adaptation to the environment.
●● natural selection
Answer: Darwin's principle of an evolutionary process in which
organisms that are best adapted to their environment will survive and
produce offspring.
●● biological approach
Answer: an approach to psychology focusing on the body, especially the
brain and nervous system.
●● neuroscience
Answer: the scientific study of the structure, function, development,
genetics, and biochemistry of the nervous system, emphasizing that the
brain and nervous system are central to understanding behavior, thought,
and emotion.
,●● behavioral approach
Answer: an approach to psychology emphasizing the scientific study of
observable behavioral responses and their environmental determinants.
●● psychodynamic approach
Answer: an approach to psychology emphasizing unconscious thought,
the conflict between biological drives (such as the drive for sex) and
society's demands, and early childhood family experiences.
●● humanistic approach
Answer: an approach to psychology emphasizing a person's positive
qualities, the capacity for positive growth, and the freedom to choose
any destiny.
●● cognitive approach
Answer: an approach to psychology emphasizing the mental processes
involved in knowing: how we direct our attention, perceive, remember,
think, and solve problems.
●● evolutionary approach
Answer: an approach to psychology centered on evolutionary ideas such
as adaptation, reproduction, and natural selection as the basis for
explaining specific human behaviors.
, ●● sociocultural approach
Answer: an approach to psychology that examines the ways in which
social and cultural environments influence behavior.
●● variable
Answer: anything that can change.
●● theory
Answer: a broad idea or set of closely related ideas that attempts to
explain observations and to make predictions about future observations.
●● hypothesis
Answer: a testable prediction that derives logically from a theory.
●● operational definition
Answer: a definition that provides an objective description of how a
variable is going to be measured and observed in a particular study.
●● case study / case history
Answer: an in-depth look at a single individual.
●● correlational research
TEST PAPER QUESTIONS AND SOLUTIONS
VERIFIED ANSWERS
●● science
Answer: the use of systematic methods to observe the natural world,
including human behavior, and to draw conclusions.
●● behavior
Answer: everything we do that can be directly observed.
●● mental processes
Answer: the thoughts, feelings, and motives that people experience
privately but that cannot be directly observed.
●● critical thinking
Answer: the process of thinking deeply and actively, asking questions,
and evaluating the evidence.
●● empirical method
Answer: gaining knowledge through the observation of events, the
collection of data, and logical reasoning.
,●● structuralism
Answer: Wundt's approach to discovering the basic elements, or
structures, of mental processes. (Introspection).
●● functionalism
Answer: James's approach to mental processes, emphasizing the
functions and purposes of the mind and behavior in the individual's
adaptation to the environment.
●● natural selection
Answer: Darwin's principle of an evolutionary process in which
organisms that are best adapted to their environment will survive and
produce offspring.
●● biological approach
Answer: an approach to psychology focusing on the body, especially the
brain and nervous system.
●● neuroscience
Answer: the scientific study of the structure, function, development,
genetics, and biochemistry of the nervous system, emphasizing that the
brain and nervous system are central to understanding behavior, thought,
and emotion.
,●● behavioral approach
Answer: an approach to psychology emphasizing the scientific study of
observable behavioral responses and their environmental determinants.
●● psychodynamic approach
Answer: an approach to psychology emphasizing unconscious thought,
the conflict between biological drives (such as the drive for sex) and
society's demands, and early childhood family experiences.
●● humanistic approach
Answer: an approach to psychology emphasizing a person's positive
qualities, the capacity for positive growth, and the freedom to choose
any destiny.
●● cognitive approach
Answer: an approach to psychology emphasizing the mental processes
involved in knowing: how we direct our attention, perceive, remember,
think, and solve problems.
●● evolutionary approach
Answer: an approach to psychology centered on evolutionary ideas such
as adaptation, reproduction, and natural selection as the basis for
explaining specific human behaviors.
, ●● sociocultural approach
Answer: an approach to psychology that examines the ways in which
social and cultural environments influence behavior.
●● variable
Answer: anything that can change.
●● theory
Answer: a broad idea or set of closely related ideas that attempts to
explain observations and to make predictions about future observations.
●● hypothesis
Answer: a testable prediction that derives logically from a theory.
●● operational definition
Answer: a definition that provides an objective description of how a
variable is going to be measured and observed in a particular study.
●● case study / case history
Answer: an in-depth look at a single individual.
●● correlational research
