NUR 6121 ADVANCED PRACTICE NURSING II VERIFIED ANSWERS
AND QUESTIONS - MOST RECENT EDITION 2026/2027 (PASS
GUARANTEE)
Q: What is the primary mechanism of action for ACE Inhibitors in the
management of heart failure?
ANSWER They inhibit the conversion of Angiotensin I to Angiotensin II,
decreasing vasoconstriction and aldosterone secretion, reducing preload and
afterload.
Q: Which cardiac enzyme is the most specific indicator of myocardial infarction
(MI)?
ANSWER Troponin I or Troponin T.
Q: A patient presents with chest pain described as "tearing" radiating to the
back. What is the top differential diagnosis?
ANSWER Aortic Dissection.
Q: According to the ACC/AHA guidelines, what is the target blood pressure for
a patient with diabetes and chronic kidney disease?
ANSWER Generally less than 130/80 mmHg.
Q: What is the classic electrocardiographic (ECG) finding in a patient with
hyperkalemia?
ANSWER Peaked T waves.
Q: What is the first-line pharmacologic treatment for a Stable Angina attack?
ANSWER Sublingual Nitroglycerin.
Q: Which heart sound is indicative of increased left ventricular filling pressure
(heart failure)?
ANSWER S3 gallop.
Q: What is the most common cause of right-sided heart failure?
,ANSWER Left-sided heart failure.
Q: A patient with atrial fibrillation has a CHA2DS2-VASc score of 3. What
medication is generally indicated?
ANSWER Anticoagulation (e.g., Apixaban, Rivaroxaban, or Warfarin).
Q: What is the defining characteristic of Prinzmetal's (variant) angina?
ANSWER Chest pain caused by coronary vasospasm, often occurring at rest.
Q: Which murmurs are associated with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HOCM)?
ANSWER A systolic ejection murmur that increases with Valsalva maneuver.
Q: What is the primary side effect of Amiodarone that requires monitoring?
ANSWER Pulmonary toxicity and thyroid dysfunction.
Q: What is Wells’ Criteria used for?
ANSWER Assessing the clinical probability of Pulmonary Embolism (PE).
Q: What ECG change is most specific for pericarditis?
ANSWER Diffuse ST-segment elevation and PR depression.
Q: What is the mechanism of action for Beta-Blockers in treating hypertension?
ANSWER They block beta-adrenergic receptors, reducing heart rate and
myocardial contractility.
Q: A patient presents with syncope. Which cardiac cause is most likely if the
patient has a history of MI?
ANSWER Ventricular Tachycardia (VT).
Q: What is the treatment of choice for a patient with Third-Degree (Complete)
Heart Block?
ANSWER Permanent Pacemaker implantation.
Q: What is the most common complication of an acute MI within the first 24
hours?
ANSWER Arrhythmias (specifically Ventricular Fibrillation).
Q: What does the "P" in the PQRST mnemonic for chest pain stand for?
ANSWER Palliative or Precipitating factors.
, Q: Which lipid panel fraction is considered "atherogenic" (bad cholesterol)?
ANSWER LDL (Low-Density Lipoprotein).
Q: What is Kussmaul’s sign associated with?
ANSWER Cardiac Tamponade or Constrictive Pericarditis (rise in JVP on
inspiration).
Q: What is the appropriate initial imaging study for a patient suspected of
having an Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm (AAA)?
ANSWER Abdominal Ultrasound.
Q: What class of antiarrhythmic drug is Lidocaine?
ANSWER Class IB (Sodium Channel Blocker).
Q: What condition causes a "cannon wave" in the jugular venous pulse?
ANSWER Atrioventricular dissociation (often seen in Third-degree block or
Ventricular tachycardia).
Q: What is the primary cause of Mitral Stenosis?
ANSWER Rheumatic Heart Disease.
Q: A patient has a BP of 180/120 mmHg and signs of papilledema. What is this
condition called?
ANSWER Hypertensive Emergency (Malignant Hypertension).
Q: What is the most appropriate diagnostic test for a patient with intermittent
palpitations?
ANSWER Holter monitor or Event monitor.
Q: What is the pathophysiology of orthostatic hypotension?
ANSWER Failure of the autonomic nervous system to increase vascular
resistance upon standing.
Q: What is Beck’s Triad associated with?
ANSWER Cardiac Tamponade (Hypotension, JVD, Muffled heart sounds).
Q: Which medication is a direct oral anticoagulant (DOAC) that should not be
used in patients with mechanical heart valves?
AND QUESTIONS - MOST RECENT EDITION 2026/2027 (PASS
GUARANTEE)
Q: What is the primary mechanism of action for ACE Inhibitors in the
management of heart failure?
ANSWER They inhibit the conversion of Angiotensin I to Angiotensin II,
decreasing vasoconstriction and aldosterone secretion, reducing preload and
afterload.
Q: Which cardiac enzyme is the most specific indicator of myocardial infarction
(MI)?
ANSWER Troponin I or Troponin T.
Q: A patient presents with chest pain described as "tearing" radiating to the
back. What is the top differential diagnosis?
ANSWER Aortic Dissection.
Q: According to the ACC/AHA guidelines, what is the target blood pressure for
a patient with diabetes and chronic kidney disease?
ANSWER Generally less than 130/80 mmHg.
Q: What is the classic electrocardiographic (ECG) finding in a patient with
hyperkalemia?
ANSWER Peaked T waves.
Q: What is the first-line pharmacologic treatment for a Stable Angina attack?
ANSWER Sublingual Nitroglycerin.
Q: Which heart sound is indicative of increased left ventricular filling pressure
(heart failure)?
ANSWER S3 gallop.
Q: What is the most common cause of right-sided heart failure?
,ANSWER Left-sided heart failure.
Q: A patient with atrial fibrillation has a CHA2DS2-VASc score of 3. What
medication is generally indicated?
ANSWER Anticoagulation (e.g., Apixaban, Rivaroxaban, or Warfarin).
Q: What is the defining characteristic of Prinzmetal's (variant) angina?
ANSWER Chest pain caused by coronary vasospasm, often occurring at rest.
Q: Which murmurs are associated with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HOCM)?
ANSWER A systolic ejection murmur that increases with Valsalva maneuver.
Q: What is the primary side effect of Amiodarone that requires monitoring?
ANSWER Pulmonary toxicity and thyroid dysfunction.
Q: What is Wells’ Criteria used for?
ANSWER Assessing the clinical probability of Pulmonary Embolism (PE).
Q: What ECG change is most specific for pericarditis?
ANSWER Diffuse ST-segment elevation and PR depression.
Q: What is the mechanism of action for Beta-Blockers in treating hypertension?
ANSWER They block beta-adrenergic receptors, reducing heart rate and
myocardial contractility.
Q: A patient presents with syncope. Which cardiac cause is most likely if the
patient has a history of MI?
ANSWER Ventricular Tachycardia (VT).
Q: What is the treatment of choice for a patient with Third-Degree (Complete)
Heart Block?
ANSWER Permanent Pacemaker implantation.
Q: What is the most common complication of an acute MI within the first 24
hours?
ANSWER Arrhythmias (specifically Ventricular Fibrillation).
Q: What does the "P" in the PQRST mnemonic for chest pain stand for?
ANSWER Palliative or Precipitating factors.
, Q: Which lipid panel fraction is considered "atherogenic" (bad cholesterol)?
ANSWER LDL (Low-Density Lipoprotein).
Q: What is Kussmaul’s sign associated with?
ANSWER Cardiac Tamponade or Constrictive Pericarditis (rise in JVP on
inspiration).
Q: What is the appropriate initial imaging study for a patient suspected of
having an Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm (AAA)?
ANSWER Abdominal Ultrasound.
Q: What class of antiarrhythmic drug is Lidocaine?
ANSWER Class IB (Sodium Channel Blocker).
Q: What condition causes a "cannon wave" in the jugular venous pulse?
ANSWER Atrioventricular dissociation (often seen in Third-degree block or
Ventricular tachycardia).
Q: What is the primary cause of Mitral Stenosis?
ANSWER Rheumatic Heart Disease.
Q: A patient has a BP of 180/120 mmHg and signs of papilledema. What is this
condition called?
ANSWER Hypertensive Emergency (Malignant Hypertension).
Q: What is the most appropriate diagnostic test for a patient with intermittent
palpitations?
ANSWER Holter monitor or Event monitor.
Q: What is the pathophysiology of orthostatic hypotension?
ANSWER Failure of the autonomic nervous system to increase vascular
resistance upon standing.
Q: What is Beck’s Triad associated with?
ANSWER Cardiac Tamponade (Hypotension, JVD, Muffled heart sounds).
Q: Which medication is a direct oral anticoagulant (DOAC) that should not be
used in patients with mechanical heart valves?
