Apex Mock Exams + Valley Pre-course
Exam Questions and Answers 2026/2027
Sure Pass
Requires an emergent surgical
airway
"Can't ventilate, can't intubate" a) surgical cricothyrotomy
scenario. What is the best way to
b) transtracheal jet ventilation
secure the airway?
tracheostomy and retrograde
intubation are not considered
emergent airways
Convert Fahrenheit to Celsius F= (C x 1.8) + 32
High pressure O2 sources (TTJV
requires psi of at least 25)
1. jet
ventilator attached to anesthesia
machine
What are the best oxygen sources
2. O2 tank with a pressure regulator
for transtracheal ventilation?
set to 50 psi
3. O2
flush valve on the anesthesia
machine
Low pressure O2 sources (self
resuscitation bag or reservoir bag
on the anesthesia machine) are not
used for TTJV because they
cannot fill the lungs with adequate
O2 flow
1
,LA ranked from shortest DOA to
longest DOA
a) procaine shortest (lowest protein binding) :
b) lidocaine procaine, cholorprocaine (zero
protein binding)
c) chloroprocaine
intermediate: lidocaine, mepivacine
d) bupivacaine
longest (most protein binding):
e) mepivacaine
bupivacaine, ropivacaine, tetracaine
f) tetracaine
g) ropivacaine
In a cirlce system, work of breathing Whatever answer choice gives you
is primarily determined by which the smallest diameter-->
component of the system? decreased radius/diameter
Think about Pouiselle's Law... increases resistance
ETT is likely the answer since it
has the narrowest diameter out of
the Y piece,
2
, unidirectional valves and circuit tubing
In the 15 kg pediatric patient who first attempt: 2J/kg --> 30 J
experiences cardiac arrest, what is
the first defibrillation shock set at? second attempt if necessary: 4J/kg --
> 60 J
What about the second attempt?
Rank the following tests of TV 5 mL/kg-- 80% of receptors still
neuromuscular function based on occupied by NMBD
the % of receptors that can be
TOF 4/4 -- 70% of receptors still
occupied when the desired
occupied by NMBD
response is achieved
double burst stimulation without fade
TOF 4/4
-- 60% of receptors still occupied by
double burst stimulation NMBD
without fade TV 5mL/kg biting on tongue blade > 5 seconds
biting on tongue blade for longer -- 50% of receptors still occupied
than 5 seconds by NMBD (this is the most sensitive
test of reversal)
8 hours
Surgery is needed within hours of
spinal hematoma symptoms. If surgical decompression needs to
delayed for more than happen within 8 hours of spinal
hours, recovery is unlikely. hematoma symptoms or recovery is
unlikely
1. administration of PRBCs
(citrate binds calcium)
2 causes of hypocalcemia in the 2. hyperventilation
(causes
operating room decreased ionized calcium
because H+ ions get displaced
from plasma proteins and Ca
takes its place)
Equation for therapeutic index (TI) LD50/ED50
3
, Post synaptic nicotinic receptors are
found at each of the following sites
EXCEPT:
B- muscarinic receptors and
a) NMJ
adrenergic (B1) receptors are at the
b) SA node SA node
c) autonomic ganglia
d) adrenal medulla
Rank the following from most likely
to least likely to cause a most likely: 1. muscle relaxants (50-
perioperative allergic reaction 60%)
muscle 2. latex (15%)
relaxants 3. antibiotics (10-15%)
antibiotics 4. protamine/ blood products (<2-3%)
latex
protamine/ blood products
4
Exam Questions and Answers 2026/2027
Sure Pass
Requires an emergent surgical
airway
"Can't ventilate, can't intubate" a) surgical cricothyrotomy
scenario. What is the best way to
b) transtracheal jet ventilation
secure the airway?
tracheostomy and retrograde
intubation are not considered
emergent airways
Convert Fahrenheit to Celsius F= (C x 1.8) + 32
High pressure O2 sources (TTJV
requires psi of at least 25)
1. jet
ventilator attached to anesthesia
machine
What are the best oxygen sources
2. O2 tank with a pressure regulator
for transtracheal ventilation?
set to 50 psi
3. O2
flush valve on the anesthesia
machine
Low pressure O2 sources (self
resuscitation bag or reservoir bag
on the anesthesia machine) are not
used for TTJV because they
cannot fill the lungs with adequate
O2 flow
1
,LA ranked from shortest DOA to
longest DOA
a) procaine shortest (lowest protein binding) :
b) lidocaine procaine, cholorprocaine (zero
protein binding)
c) chloroprocaine
intermediate: lidocaine, mepivacine
d) bupivacaine
longest (most protein binding):
e) mepivacaine
bupivacaine, ropivacaine, tetracaine
f) tetracaine
g) ropivacaine
In a cirlce system, work of breathing Whatever answer choice gives you
is primarily determined by which the smallest diameter-->
component of the system? decreased radius/diameter
Think about Pouiselle's Law... increases resistance
ETT is likely the answer since it
has the narrowest diameter out of
the Y piece,
2
, unidirectional valves and circuit tubing
In the 15 kg pediatric patient who first attempt: 2J/kg --> 30 J
experiences cardiac arrest, what is
the first defibrillation shock set at? second attempt if necessary: 4J/kg --
> 60 J
What about the second attempt?
Rank the following tests of TV 5 mL/kg-- 80% of receptors still
neuromuscular function based on occupied by NMBD
the % of receptors that can be
TOF 4/4 -- 70% of receptors still
occupied when the desired
occupied by NMBD
response is achieved
double burst stimulation without fade
TOF 4/4
-- 60% of receptors still occupied by
double burst stimulation NMBD
without fade TV 5mL/kg biting on tongue blade > 5 seconds
biting on tongue blade for longer -- 50% of receptors still occupied
than 5 seconds by NMBD (this is the most sensitive
test of reversal)
8 hours
Surgery is needed within hours of
spinal hematoma symptoms. If surgical decompression needs to
delayed for more than happen within 8 hours of spinal
hours, recovery is unlikely. hematoma symptoms or recovery is
unlikely
1. administration of PRBCs
(citrate binds calcium)
2 causes of hypocalcemia in the 2. hyperventilation
(causes
operating room decreased ionized calcium
because H+ ions get displaced
from plasma proteins and Ca
takes its place)
Equation for therapeutic index (TI) LD50/ED50
3
, Post synaptic nicotinic receptors are
found at each of the following sites
EXCEPT:
B- muscarinic receptors and
a) NMJ
adrenergic (B1) receptors are at the
b) SA node SA node
c) autonomic ganglia
d) adrenal medulla
Rank the following from most likely
to least likely to cause a most likely: 1. muscle relaxants (50-
perioperative allergic reaction 60%)
muscle 2. latex (15%)
relaxants 3. antibiotics (10-15%)
antibiotics 4. protamine/ blood products (<2-3%)
latex
protamine/ blood products
4
