SAT Biology
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_fbk8nf
1. Abscisic acid (ABA) a plant hormone that slows growth, often antago-
nizing the actions of growth hormones. Two of its
many effects are to promote seed dormancy (pre-
vents seeds from germinating at incorrect time) and
facilitate drought tolerance, high ___ causes stomata
to close
2. acoelomate A solid-bodied animal lacking a cavity between the gut
and outer body wall. Example: flatworm
3. adventitious roots roots that rise above the ground; examples are aerial
roots and prop roots
4. allantois the extraembyonic membrane of birds, reptiles and
mammals that serves as an area of gaseous ex-
change and as a site for the storage of noxious ex-
cretion products
5. alveolus tiny air sac at the end of a bronchiole in the lungs that
provides surface area for gas exchange to occur
6. amnion Membrane that encloses the embryo in protective
amniotic fluid
7. anther In an angiosperm, the terminal pollen sac of a sta-
men, where pollen grains containing sperm-produc-
ing male gametophytes form.
8. antheridia Structures in plants that produce male gametes
9. Archaeopteryx intermediate fossil that shows both reptile and bird
characteristics
10. archegonia Female reproductive part of a nonvascular plant
, SAT Biology
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_fbk8nf
11. auxin A plant hormone that stimulated stem elongation and
growth, enhances apical dominance, and is responsi-
ble for tropisms
12. bile A substance produced by the liver and released by
the gall bladder that breaks up fat particles.
13. biotic potential The maximum rate at which a population could in-
crease under ideal conditions
14. C-4 Photosynthesis modification for dry environments. C-4 plants exhibit
modified anatomy and biochemical pathways, which
enable them to minimize excessive water loss and
maximize sugar production.
15. carbon fixation The initial incorporation of carbon into organic com-
pounds.
16. cardiac sphincter A circular muscle located between the esophagus
and the stomach
17. carpel The ovule-producing reproductive organ of a flower,
consisting of the stigma, style, and ovary.
18. centriole a minute cylindrical organelle near the nucleus in
animal cells, occurring in pairs and involved in the
development of spindle fibers in cell division.
, SAT Biology
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_fbk8nf
19. centrosome A structure present in the cytoplasm of animal cells
that functions as a microtubule-organizing center and
is important during cell division. A centrosome has
two centrioles.
20. chorion membrane that lies under the shell of an egg and
allows for diffusion of respiratory gases between the
outside environment and the inside of the shell.
21. chromoplast has pigments that give fruits and flowers their orange
and yellow hues
22. codominance A condition in which both alleles for a gene are fully
expressed
23. coelomate An animal that possesses a true coelom (a body cavi-
ty lined by tissue completely derived from mesoderm).
All chordates are these.
, SAT Biology
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_fbk8nf
24. collenchyma cell Plant cells that have unevenly thickened cell walls but
lack secondary cell walls. The strings of celery consist
of collenchyma cells.
25. colon Another name for large intestine
26. companion cell phloem cell that surrounds sieve tube elements
27. plant cortex Specialized region in a plant root or stem for storage
and support.
28. cotyledon A "seed leaf" which develops as a part of the seed.
It provides nutrients to the developing seedling and
eventually becomes the first leaf of the plant (capable
of photosynthesis)
Food for the growing embryo in a dicot seed. The cells
that make this up are triploid.
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_fbk8nf
1. Abscisic acid (ABA) a plant hormone that slows growth, often antago-
nizing the actions of growth hormones. Two of its
many effects are to promote seed dormancy (pre-
vents seeds from germinating at incorrect time) and
facilitate drought tolerance, high ___ causes stomata
to close
2. acoelomate A solid-bodied animal lacking a cavity between the gut
and outer body wall. Example: flatworm
3. adventitious roots roots that rise above the ground; examples are aerial
roots and prop roots
4. allantois the extraembyonic membrane of birds, reptiles and
mammals that serves as an area of gaseous ex-
change and as a site for the storage of noxious ex-
cretion products
5. alveolus tiny air sac at the end of a bronchiole in the lungs that
provides surface area for gas exchange to occur
6. amnion Membrane that encloses the embryo in protective
amniotic fluid
7. anther In an angiosperm, the terminal pollen sac of a sta-
men, where pollen grains containing sperm-produc-
ing male gametophytes form.
8. antheridia Structures in plants that produce male gametes
9. Archaeopteryx intermediate fossil that shows both reptile and bird
characteristics
10. archegonia Female reproductive part of a nonvascular plant
, SAT Biology
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_fbk8nf
11. auxin A plant hormone that stimulated stem elongation and
growth, enhances apical dominance, and is responsi-
ble for tropisms
12. bile A substance produced by the liver and released by
the gall bladder that breaks up fat particles.
13. biotic potential The maximum rate at which a population could in-
crease under ideal conditions
14. C-4 Photosynthesis modification for dry environments. C-4 plants exhibit
modified anatomy and biochemical pathways, which
enable them to minimize excessive water loss and
maximize sugar production.
15. carbon fixation The initial incorporation of carbon into organic com-
pounds.
16. cardiac sphincter A circular muscle located between the esophagus
and the stomach
17. carpel The ovule-producing reproductive organ of a flower,
consisting of the stigma, style, and ovary.
18. centriole a minute cylindrical organelle near the nucleus in
animal cells, occurring in pairs and involved in the
development of spindle fibers in cell division.
, SAT Biology
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_fbk8nf
19. centrosome A structure present in the cytoplasm of animal cells
that functions as a microtubule-organizing center and
is important during cell division. A centrosome has
two centrioles.
20. chorion membrane that lies under the shell of an egg and
allows for diffusion of respiratory gases between the
outside environment and the inside of the shell.
21. chromoplast has pigments that give fruits and flowers their orange
and yellow hues
22. codominance A condition in which both alleles for a gene are fully
expressed
23. coelomate An animal that possesses a true coelom (a body cavi-
ty lined by tissue completely derived from mesoderm).
All chordates are these.
, SAT Biology
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_fbk8nf
24. collenchyma cell Plant cells that have unevenly thickened cell walls but
lack secondary cell walls. The strings of celery consist
of collenchyma cells.
25. colon Another name for large intestine
26. companion cell phloem cell that surrounds sieve tube elements
27. plant cortex Specialized region in a plant root or stem for storage
and support.
28. cotyledon A "seed leaf" which develops as a part of the seed.
It provides nutrients to the developing seedling and
eventually becomes the first leaf of the plant (capable
of photosynthesis)
Food for the growing embryo in a dicot seed. The cells
that make this up are triploid.
